Nokea
The standard dosage of St John's wort for the treatment of mild depression is:
- A. 300 mg daily
- B. 100 mg three times a day
- C. 300 mg three times a day
- D. 600 mg three times a day
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: 300 mg three times daily is the standard dose for St John's wort in mild depression.
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There is a narrow margin between first appearance of adverse reaction to AChE inhibitors and serious toxic effects. Adverse reactions that require immediate action include:
- A. Dizziness and headache
- B. Nausea
- C. Decreased salivation
- D. Fasciculations of voluntary muscles
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fasciculations indicate potential cholinergic crisis, requiring urgent intervention.
The following relationship exist adrenal steroidal hormones, corticotropin and hypothalamic hormones.
- A. Short direct connection
- B. Long direct connection
- C. Short negative feedback
- D. Long negative feedback
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adrenal steroids, corticotropin (ACTH), and hypothalamic CRH form a long negative feedback loop in the HPA axis.
A home care nurse visits a client recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who is taking Humulin NPH insulin daily. The client asks the nurse how to store the unopened vials of insulin. The nurse tells the client to:
- A. Freeze the insulin.
- B. Refrigerate the insulin.
- C. Store the insulin in a dark, dry place.
- D. Keep the insulin at room temperature.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin in unopened vials should be stored under refrigeration until needed. Vials should not be frozen. When stored unopened under refrigeration, insulin can be used up to the expiration date on the vial. Options 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect.
In which of the following patients would a nurse expect to see an alteration in drug metabolism?
- A. A 35-year-old female with cervical cancer
- B. A 41-year-old male with kidney stones
- C. A 50-year-old male with cirrhosis of the liver
- D. A 62-year-old female in acute renal failure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The liver is the most important site of drug metabolism. If the liver is not functioning effectively, as in patients with cirrhosis, drugs will not be metabolized normally and toxic levels could develop. In cirrhosis patients the drug dosage will need to be altered to ensure normal levels in the body.
A man is given a drug to reduce thyroid gland size and vascularity before surgical thyroidectomy. Which mechanism is responsible for its use in this setting?
- A. inhibition of the sodium/iodide symporter
- B. inhibition of thyroperoxidase
- C. inhibition of TSH secretion
- D. inhibition of thyroid hormone release
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Inhibition of thyroid hormone release (e.g., by iodides) reduces gland size and vascularity pre-surgery.