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The incidence of Sickle Cell Anemia is higher among black American babies.
The symptoms of sickle cell anemia are not evident until later during infancy because
- A. The baby is fed with milk formula, which is rich in ironbfb.
- B. The infant has a much higher RBC count than children and adult.
- C. Maternal iron is depleted later in infancy.
- D. Infants have more body fluids than any age group.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: High levels of fetal hemoglobin prevent sickling of red blood cells. The newborn has from 44% to 89% fetal hemoglobin, but this rapidly decreases during the first year, making symptoms evident later.
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A 4-year-old child with Down syndrome is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. She has a heart murmur and appears to be in respiratory distress. Her mother asks why her child has a heart murmur. What is the best nursing response?
- A. Because she has pneumonia, her heart is working harder and causes the murmur.'
- B. Heart murmurs come and go in children. It is not a great concern.'
- C. Because of the pneumonia, her ductus arteriosus is functioning again.'
- D. Heart defects are common in children with Down syndrome. Her illness may make the murmur louder.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Congenital heart defects, like ventricular septal defects, are common in Down syndrome, and pneumonia may amplify a murmur due to increased cardiac workload.
Marie is a 5-year-old girl is admitted with a diagnosis of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Which of the following nursing interventions would be contraindicated to the patient with Leukemia?
- A. Take rectal temperature.
- B. Use soft toothbrush.
- C. Use normal saline for mouthwash TID.
- D. Avoid using dental floss.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rectal temperatures risk rectal injury and infection in neutropenic patients.
Dual diagnosis indicates that there is a substance abuse problem as well as a
- A. cross addiction
- B. mental disorder
- C. disorder of any type
- D. medical problem
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dual diagnosis is the concurrent presence of a major psychiatric disorder and chemical dependence.
A young boy is recently diagnosed with a seizure disorder. Which of the following statements by the boy's mother indicates a need for further teaching by the nurse?
- A. I should make sure he gets plenty of rest.'
- B. I should get him a medic alert bracelet.'
- C. I should lay him on his back during a seizure.'
- D. I should loosen his clothing during a seizure.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Laying a seizing child on their back risks aspiration; the correct position is on the side. The other statements reflect appropriate seizure management. Reduction of Risk Potential
A primary belief of psychiatric mental health nursing is:
- A. most people have the potential to change and grow.
- B. every person is worthy of dignity and respect.
- C. human needs are individual to each person.
- D. some behaviors have no meaning and cannot be understood.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The belief that every person is worthy of dignity and respect is foundational to psychiatric mental health nursing, emphasizing client-centered care. The other options are also relevant but not the primary belief highlighted here. Psychosocial Integrity