Nokea
The term “zone of inhibition†is used in which of the following procedures?
- A. Use-dilution test
- B. Growth inhibition test
- C. Disk-diffusion test
- D. Multiple inhibition test
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Disk-diffusion test. In the disk-diffusion test, the zone of inhibition refers to the area around an antimicrobial disk where bacterial growth is inhibited. This test is used to determine the susceptibility of bacteria to specific antibiotics. The other choices, such as A: Use-dilution test, B: Growth inhibition test, and D: Multiple inhibition test, do not specifically involve measuring the zone of inhibition and are not commonly used methods for testing antibiotic susceptibility.
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Antibiotics are distributed into following groups:
- A. Blockaders of protein synthesis
- B. Blockaders of cell wall synthesis
- C. Alternators of bacterial cytoplasm
- D. Nothing from above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blockaders of protein synthesis because antibiotics in this group target bacterial ribosomes, preventing protein synthesis. This disrupts bacterial growth and replication. Choice B is incorrect as cell wall synthesis inhibitors target a different bacterial component. Choice C is incorrect as antibiotics do not alter bacterial cytoplasm. Choice D is incorrect as antibiotics do fall into different categories based on their mechanism of action.
Fires from combustibles such as wood require type __________ fire extinguishers.
- A. A
- B. B
- C. C
- D. D
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because fires from combustibles such as wood fall under Class A fires. Type A fire extinguishers are specifically designed to extinguish fires involving ordinary combustible materials like wood, paper, and cloth. Choice B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not correspond to the correct classification of the fire. Choice B refers to Class B fires involving flammable liquids, Choice C refers to Class C fires involving electrical equipment, and Choice D refers to Class D fires involving combustible metals. It is crucial to match the type of fire extinguisher with the type of fire to effectively combat the fire.
Which are the most suitable materials for isolation of polio viruses?
- A. feces, duodenal and bile content
- B. blood, sputum, and urine
- C. only feces
- D. feces, nasopharyngeal swabs, and cerebrospinal fluid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because polio viruses are primarily found in the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory secretions. Feces contain the highest concentration of the virus, while nasopharyngeal swabs and cerebrospinal fluid can also contain the virus. Blood, sputum, and urine do not typically contain high levels of polio virus. Choice A is incorrect as bile content is not a common site for polio virus isolation. Choice C is incorrect because only testing feces may not provide a comprehensive picture of the infection.
A lot of pyoinflammatory processes in oral cavity are caused by anaerobes. What nutrient medium can be used for control of wound textile contamination by anaerobes?
- A. Kitt-Tarozzi
- B. Endo
- C. Roux
- D. Sabouraud's
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Kitt-Tarozzi. This medium contains blood and hemin, which are essential nutrients for the growth of anaerobes. Blood provides a source of iron, while hemin stimulates the growth of anaerobes. This combination creates an environment conducive for the isolation and identification of anaerobic organisms.
B: Endo and C: Roux are selective media primarily used for the isolation of gram-negative bacteria and not specifically designed for anaerobes.
D: Sabouraud's is a medium used for the cultivation of fungi, not anaerobes.
In summary, Kitt-Tarozzi is the correct choice due to its specific nutrient composition that supports the growth of anaerobes, unlike the other options which are not suitable for this purpose.
Which bacterium is responsible for causing pneumonia?
- A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
- B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- C. Escherichia coli
- D. Clostridium botulinum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Streptococcus pneumoniae. This bacterium is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in adults. It is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Streptococcus pneumoniae is known for its ability to infect the respiratory tract and cause inflammation in the lungs leading to pneumonia. Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis, not pneumonia. Escherichia coli is associated with urinary tract infections and gastrointestinal illnesses, not pneumonia. Clostridium botulinum causes botulism, a severe form of food poisoning, but not pneumonia. Therefore, the correct choice is Streptococcus pneumoniae as it is specifically known for causing pneumonia.