Nokea
The term health disparity is defined as
- A. The systematic elimination of the culture of another resulting in decreased wellness.
- B. Differences in health outcomes among groups.
- C. The difference between an expected incidence and prevalence and that which actually occurs in a comparison population group.
- D. The existence of more than one group with differing values and perspective.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because health disparity refers to variations in health outcomes among different groups due to factors such as socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, etc. This definition accurately captures the essence of health disparity as it highlights the unequal distribution of health outcomes.
Choice A is incorrect because it refers to cultural elimination, which is not the definition of health disparity. Choice C is incorrect as it talks about differences in expected and actual incidence, not health outcomes among groups. Choice D is incorrect as it focuses on values and perspectives rather than health outcomes.
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In treating depression in older adults, which of the following is considered the most effective treatment modality?
- A. Long-term pharmacological therapy with SSRIs
- B. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) combined with antidepressant medications
- C. Antidepressant medications alone
- D. Psychodynamic therapy to address unresolved issues from early life
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) combined with antidepressant medications, for treating depression in older adults. CBT helps address negative thought patterns and behaviors associated with depression, while antidepressant medications provide physiological support. Combining both approaches has been shown to be more effective than either treatment alone in older adults.
A: Long-term pharmacological therapy with SSRIs may have side effects and limited effectiveness in older adults.
C: Antidepressant medications alone may not address the underlying psychological factors contributing to depression.
D: Psychodynamic therapy may not be as effective in older adults as it focuses on unresolved issues from early life rather than targeting current depressive symptoms.
Providing information about diet & exercise for a healthy diabetic client is best described as which nursing activity?
- A. Promoting wellness
- B. Preventing illness
- C. Treating disease
- D. Restoring health
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Promoting wellness. Providing information about diet and exercise for a healthy diabetic client falls under promoting wellness because it focuses on proactive measures to maintain health and prevent complications. It aims to empower the client to make healthy lifestyle choices.
B: Preventing illness is not the best description as the client is already diabetic, so the focus is on managing the condition rather than solely preventing it.
C: Treating disease is not accurate because the client is already diabetic and the goal is not to treat the disease, but rather manage it effectively.
D: Restoring health is not applicable in this scenario as the client is not in a state of compromised health that needs to be restored.
The gerontological nurse collaborates with the wound care team about an older patient who has an ulcer. How is this nurse demonstrating leadership in the care of older people?
- A. Assessing older adults effectively
- B. Facilitating access to eldercare programs
- C. Coordinating members of the health care team
- D. Empowering older adults to manage chronic illness
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Coordinating members of the health care team. This demonstrates leadership as the nurse is taking charge of organizing and communicating with various healthcare professionals to ensure the best care for the older patient. By collaborating with the wound care team, the nurse shows effective coordination and communication skills, which are crucial in managing complex cases in older adults. Assessing older adults effectively (choice A) is important but does not specifically address leadership in coordinating care. Facilitating access to eldercare programs (choice B) is important but does not directly demonstrate leadership in coordinating care. Empowering older adults to manage chronic illness (choice D) is important for patient education but does not directly show leadership in coordinating the healthcare team.
A nurse interviewing a non–English-speaking client with an interpreter should: (Select all that apply.)
- A. Look and speak to the interpreter.
- B. Use technical terminology to ensure accuracy.
- C. Allow more time for the interview.
- D. Watch the client’s nonverbal communication.
Correct Answer: C, D, E
Rationale: The correct answers are C, D, and E. C is crucial as it allows for effective communication, D involves observing nonverbal cues, and E emphasizes the need for clear and concise language. A is incorrect as the nurse should address the client directly, not just the interpreter. B is incorrect as using technical terms may hinder understanding.
In which context are members of a cohort described when using the age-stratification theory to explain the effect of similar events, conditions, and circumstances?
- A. Historical
- B. Biological
- C. Sociological
- D. Chronological
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Historical. In age-stratification theory, cohort members are described in historical context to explain shared experiences. This theory emphasizes that individuals born around the same time experience similar events shaping their lives. Historical context is crucial as it considers the societal, cultural, and economic factors influencing a specific generation. Choice B, Biological, is incorrect as age-stratification theory focuses on social aspects rather than biological ones. Choice C, Sociological, is broad and doesn't specifically address the historical aspect of cohort description. Choice D, Chronological, is incorrect as it simply refers to the order of events without considering the historical backdrop of a cohort's experiences.