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The term ___ refers to the process by which a normal cell is transformed into a cancer cell.
Correct Answer: carcinogenesis
Rationale: Carcinogenesis is the process by which a normal cell is transformed into a cancer cell.
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For which possible sign of testicular cancer would the nurse encourage the patient to look for during self-testicular examination?
- A. Smooth consistency of testicle
- B. Stomachache
- C. Breast enlargement
- D. Heavy feeling in the scrotum
- E. Enlarged blood vessels in scrotum
- F. Hematuria
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Signs and symptoms of a scrotal tumor include an ache in the groin or stomach, feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, and breast enlargement.
The nurse explains to a 43-year-old patient with a benign tumor in her right breast that a benign tumor differs from a malignant tumor in that benign tumors have which quality?
- A. do not cause damage to adjacent tissue.
- B. are simply an overgrowth of normal cells.
- C. do not spread to other tissues and organs.
- D. frequently recur in the same site.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A benign tumor differs from a malignant tumor because benign tumors are not recurrent or progressive and are nonmalignant.
Which meal represents foods that help prevent cancer?
- A. Broiled steak, baked potato, whole wheat roll, soy milk
- B. Baked ham, rice and gravy, apples stewed in butter, whole milk
- C. Fried pork chops, candied sweet potatoes, white rolls and butter, iced tea
- D. Broiled chicken, cabbage with onion and garlic, and soy milk
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Green and yellow vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, whole grain and soy products are all examples of foods that prevent cancer. Reducing the consumption of processed meats and red meat are additional diet-related prevention steps.
A ___ test screens for occult blood in the stool.
Correct Answer: guaiac
Rationale: The guaiac test is a screening test for occult blood in the stool.
A patient has developed stomatitis from chemotherapy. Which intervention is appropriate for a patient with this condition?
- A. Instruction in the following of a liquid diet
- B. Using a commercial mouthwash after each meal
- C. Cleaning teeth with a cotton swab dipped in hydrogen peroxide
- D. Using a soft toothbrush
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The use of a soft toothbrush to clean the teeth and rinsing with normal saline or soda will prevent added discomfort and bleeding.