microbiology chapter 12 test bank

microbiology chapter 12 test bank Related

Review microbiology chapter 12 test bank related questions and content

The term used to indicate the extent to which a drug reaches its site of action is:

  • A. bioactivity
  • B. bioavailability
  • C. bioremediation
  • D. biostasis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: bioavailability. Bioavailability refers to the extent and rate at which a drug reaches its site of action in the body. This includes factors such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Rationale:
1. Bioactivity refers to the pharmacological effect of a drug, not how effectively it reaches its site of action.
2. Bioremediation is the process of using organisms to remove or neutralize pollutants, not related to drug delivery.
3. Biostasis refers to a state of equilibrium or balance in living organisms, not related to drug transport to its site of action.

In summary, bioavailability is the most appropriate term as it specifically addresses the process of a drug reaching its intended target within the body, distinguishing it from the other choices.

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The tertiary stage of syphilis is usually manifested as:

  • A. Syphilitic granulomas (gummas)
  • B. Purulent exudation from the urethra
  • C. Non-tender chancre (ulcus durum)
  • D. Diffuse maculopapular rash
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Syphilitic granulomas (gummas). In the tertiary stage of syphilis, gummas, which are soft, tumor-like growths, can develop in various organs such as the skin, bones, liver, and brain. This stage typically occurs years after the initial infection and can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Purulent exudation from the urethra (B) is not specific to syphilis and may indicate other infections. Non-tender chancre (C) is characteristic of the primary stage of syphilis, not the tertiary stage. Diffuse maculopapular rash (D) is more commonly seen in the secondary stage of syphilis.

The first grade pupils were examined in order to sort out children for tuberculosis revaccination. What test was applied for this purpose?

  • A. Mantoux test
  • B. Schick test
  • C. Anthraxine test
  • D. Burnet test
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mantoux test. The Mantoux test is used to detect tuberculosis infection by injecting a small amount of tuberculin under the skin and checking for a reaction. This test helps identify individuals who have been exposed to tuberculosis. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Schick test is used to determine immunity to diphtheria, not tuberculosis. C: Anthraxine test is used for anthrax, not tuberculosis. D: Burnet test is not a recognized medical test for tuberculosis.

Impression smear of mucosa biopsy material has been obtained from a patient with peptic ulcer disease of the stomach. Gram-negative arcuate bent microorganisms were detected, urease activity test was positive. What microorganisms were detected in the patient?

  • A. Helicobacter
  • B. Spirochete
  • C. Spirilla
  • D. Leptospira
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Helicobacter. Helicobacter pylori is the main causative agent of peptic ulcer disease and is characterized by its gram-negative arcuate bent shape and positive urease activity. Helicobacter pylori specifically colonizes the stomach mucosa and is associated with various gastrointestinal disorders. Spirochetes (choice B), spirilla (choice C), and Leptospira (choice D) are not typically associated with peptic ulcer disease or stomach mucosa infections, making them incorrect choices in this context.

The basic requirements of PCR reaction include:

  • A. DNA segment to be amplified
  • B. Two oligonucleotide primers
  • C. Heat stable DNA
  • D. All of these
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the options are essential for a PCR reaction.
A: DNA segment is required as the template for amplification.
B: Two oligonucleotide primers are needed to initiate DNA replication.
C: Heat stable DNA polymerase (not just heat stable DNA) is crucial for withstanding the high temperatures during PCR.
In summary, without any of these components, the PCR reaction cannot proceed effectively.

The presence of flagella in bacterial cell represents:

  • A. H-antigen
  • B. O-antigen
  • C. K-antigen
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presence of flagella in a bacterial cell represents the H-antigen. Flagella are protein structures on the cell surface that play a role in bacterial motility. The H-antigen refers to the flagellar antigen, which is involved in immune responses and bacterial identification. Option A is correct because flagella are specifically associated with the H-antigen.

Summarily, choices B and C are incorrect because the O-antigen and K-antigen are associated with lipopolysaccharide and capsule antigens, respectively, not flagella. Option D is incorrect as well because the correct association is with the H-antigen.

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