Nokea
The term wisdom tooth refers to the _____ tooth.
- A. incisor
- B. third molar
- C. second bicuspid
- D. first cuspid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: third molar. Wisdom teeth are the third molars located at the back of the mouth. They typically erupt in late teens or early twenties. Incisors (A) are front teeth for cutting, second bicuspids (C) help with chewing, and first cuspids (D) are also known as canines for tearing food. The key is understanding dental anatomy and the specific location/function of each tooth type.
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Which information in this male patient's electronic health record as shown in the accompanying figure will the nurse use to confirm that the patient has metabolic syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Weight
- B. Waist size
- C. Blood glucose
- D. Blood pressure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Waist size. The nurse can confirm metabolic syndrome by assessing waist size as it is a key component in diagnosing the condition. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by central obesity, which is reflected in an increased waist circumference. The other choices, weight (A), blood glucose (C), and blood pressure (D), may provide valuable information in assessing the patient's overall health but are not specific indicators of metabolic syndrome. Weight alone does not necessarily indicate central obesity, blood glucose may be elevated due to other reasons, and blood pressure can be affected by various factors unrelated to metabolic syndrome. Therefore, waist size is the most relevant measure to confirm the presence of metabolic syndrome in this case.
Which cells in the small intestine may help protect the intestinal epithelium from bacteria?
- A. absorptive cells
- B. goblet cells
- C. granular cells
- D. endocrine cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Granular cells, also known as Paneth cells, produce antimicrobial peptides to protect the intestinal epithelium from bacteria. These peptides have antimicrobial properties that help prevent bacterial overgrowth and maintain intestinal homeostasis. Absorptive cells are primarily responsible for nutrient absorption, while goblet cells secrete mucus for lubrication. Endocrine cells produce hormones that regulate various physiological processes. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as granular cells play a direct role in protecting the intestinal epithelium from bacteria.
After abdominal surgery, your patient has a severe coughing episode that causes wound evisceration. In addition to calling the doctor, which intervention is most appropriate?
- A. Irrigate the wound & organs with Betadine
- B. Cover the wound with a saline-soaked sterile dressing.
- C. Apply a dry sterile dressing & binder
- D. Push the organs back & cover with moist sterile dressings.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cover the wound with a saline-soaked sterile dressing. This intervention helps maintain a moist environment for wound healing and prevents further contamination. Irrigating with Betadine (A) can be harmful to tissues. Applying a dry sterile dressing (C) can lead to desiccation and delays healing. Pushing organs back (D) should only be done by a medical professional to avoid causing further harm.
It is correct to say that:
- A. HCL converts pepsin into pepsinogen.
- B. IF is essential for vitamin K absorption.
- C. Saliva contains alpha amylase.
- D. Myenteric plexus controls GIT secretion.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Saliva contains alpha amylase. Saliva does indeed contain the enzyme alpha amylase, which helps in the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth. This is a well-established fact in human physiology.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
A: HCL converts pepsin into pepsinogen - This statement is incorrect as pepsinogen is converted into pepsin by the acidic environment in the stomach, not the other way around.
B: IF is essential for vitamin K absorption - This is also incorrect. Intrinsic factor (IF) is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12, not vitamin K.
D: Myenteric plexus controls GIT secretion - While the myenteric plexus is involved in regulating gastrointestinal motility, it is not primarily responsible for controlling secretion in the gastrointestinal tract.
A large number of children at a public school have developed profuse diarrhea and bloody stools. The school nurse suspects food poisoning related to food from the school cafeteria and requests analysis and culture of which food?
- A. Chicken
- B. Ground beef
- C. Commercially canned fish
- D. Salads with mayonnaise dressing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ground beef is commonly associated with foodborne illnesses caused by E. coli, which can result in bloody diarrhea.