Multiple Choice Questions on Gastrointestinal Disorders

Multiple Choice Questions on Gastrointestinal Disorders Related

Review Multiple Choice Questions on Gastrointestinal Disorders related questions and content

A nurse admits a client to the emergency department who reports nausea and vomiting that worsens when he lies down. Antacids do not help. The provider suspects acute pancreatitis. Which of the following laboratory test results should the nurse expect to see?

  • A. Decreased WBC
  • B. Increased serum amylase
  • C. Decreased serum lipase
  • D. Increased serum calcium
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased serum amylase. In acute pancreatitis, the pancreas becomes inflamed and releases enzymes like amylase into the bloodstream. Amylase levels rise significantly in this condition. Elevated serum amylase is a key diagnostic marker for acute pancreatitis.

A: Decreased WBC - This is not a typical finding in acute pancreatitis. Inflammation in the pancreas usually leads to an increased WBC count.
C: Decreased serum lipase - Lipase levels actually increase in acute pancreatitis along with amylase. Both are important diagnostic markers.
D: Increased serum calcium - While hypercalcemia can occur in severe pancreatitis, it is not as specific or sensitive as elevated amylase levels in diagnosing acute pancreatitis.

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The duodenum and jejunum are the main site for absorption of the following except:

  • A. Glucose
  • B. Vitamin C
  • C. Fat-soluble vitamins
  • D. Bile salts
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bile salts. Bile salts are primarily absorbed in the terminal ileum, not in the duodenum or jejunum. The duodenum and jejunum are mainly responsible for absorbing nutrients like glucose, fat-soluble vitamins, and vitamin C. Bile salts aid in the digestion and absorption of fats, but they are reabsorbed in the ileum to be recycled. Therefore, the duodenum and jejunum are not the main sites for the absorption of bile salts.

Contraction of the gallbladder may be due to:

  • A. Secretin
  • B. VIP
  • C. Bile salts
  • D. Atropine
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bile salts. Bile salts play a crucial role in the contraction of the gallbladder. When bile salts are released into the duodenum, they stimulate the gallbladder to contract, releasing bile into the small intestine to aid in digestion. Secretin (choice A) and VIP (choice B) are hormones that primarily regulate pancreatic secretion, not gallbladder contraction. Atropine (choice D) is an anticholinergic drug that inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system and would not stimulate gallbladder contraction. Therefore, the correct answer is C as bile salts directly trigger the contraction of the gallbladder.

Chewing or mastication reflex originates in the ______ and the ability to initiate or stop chewing originates in the ______.

  • A. pons; cerebrum.
  • B. medulla oblongata; cerebrum.
  • C. spinal cord; medulla oblongata.
  • D. medulla oblongata; midbrain.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The chewing reflex originates in the medulla oblongata, which controls basic life functions like breathing and swallowing. The ability to voluntarily initiate or stop chewing comes from the cerebrum, the part of the brain responsible for conscious thoughts and movements. The pons (choice A) is involved in regulating breathing, not chewing. The spinal cord (choice C) is responsible for reflex actions but not specifically chewing. The midbrain (choice D) is more related to sensory processing and motor function, not chewing reflex. Therefore, the correct answer is B based on the roles of the medulla oblongata and cerebrum in chewing.

Urea is synthesized by the liver following _____ metabolism.

  • A. carbohydrate
  • B. protein
  • C. lipid
  • D. nucleic acid
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: protein. Urea is a waste product formed during the breakdown of proteins in the liver. Amino acids from protein metabolism are deaminated, leading to the formation of ammonia, which is then converted to urea in the urea cycle. Carbohydrates are not directly involved in urea synthesis. Lipids are primarily metabolized to produce energy and do not contribute to urea formation. Nucleic acids are broken down into nucleotides, not amino acids, and are not directly related to urea synthesis.

Which of the following cells produce hydrochloric acid?

  • A. parietal cells
  • B. enteroendocrine cells
  • C. mucous neck cells
  • D. chief cells
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: parietal cells. Parietal cells are located in the gastric glands of the stomach and are responsible for producing hydrochloric acid to help with digestion. They also secrete intrinsic factor, which is essential for vitamin B12 absorption. Enteroendocrine cells (B) produce hormones, mucous neck cells (C) secrete mucus to protect the stomach lining, and chief cells (D) produce pepsinogen for protein digestion, but they do not produce hydrochloric acid. Therefore, parietal cells are the only cells among the choices that specifically produce hydrochloric acid.

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