Nokea
After an esophageal surgery, a client exhibited the symptoms of dyspne What should a nurse do to minimize dyspnea?
- A. Ensure the intake of soft foods or high-calorie, high-protein semiliquid foods
- B. Advise avoidance of foods that contain significant air or gas
- C. Ensure frequent, small meals and discourage lying down immediately after eating
- D. Instruct to take liquid supplements between meals
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Small, frequent meals and avoiding lying down after eating help prevent reflux and aspiration, which can contribute to dyspnea.
You may also like to solve these questions
Chewing or mastication reflex originates in the ______ and the ability to initiate or stop chewing originates in the ______.
- A. pons; cerebrum.
- B. medulla oblongata; cerebrum.
- C. spinal cord; medulla oblongata.
- D. medulla oblongata; midbrain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The chewing reflex originates in the medulla oblongata, which controls basic life functions like breathing and swallowing. The ability to voluntarily initiate or stop chewing comes from the cerebrum, the part of the brain responsible for conscious thoughts and movements. The pons (choice A) is involved in regulating breathing, not chewing. The spinal cord (choice C) is responsible for reflex actions but not specifically chewing. The midbrain (choice D) is more related to sensory processing and motor function, not chewing reflex. Therefore, the correct answer is B based on the roles of the medulla oblongata and cerebrum in chewing.
The nurse should urge a client with an ileoanal anastomosis to do perineal exercises four to six times a day for how many repetitions?
- A. 5
- B. 10
- C. 15
- D. 20
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Perineal exercises help strengthen muscles and improve bowel control, typically recommended at 15 repetitions.
The tunica submucosa and mucosa of the stomach are thrown into large folds called
- A. epiploic appendages.
- B. rugae.
- C. plicae cirulares.
- D. villi.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: rugae. Rugae are large folds in the tunica submucosa and mucosa of the stomach that allow for expansion when the stomach is full. Epiploic appendages (A) are fatty projections on the serosa of the large intestine. Plicae circulares (C) are circular folds in the small intestine for increasing surface area. Villi (D) are finger-like projections in the small intestine for absorption. Rugae specifically refer to the folds in the stomach lining, making them the correct answer.
The finger-like extensions inside the small intestine are called _____ and increase the surface area.
- A. microvilli
- B. villi
- C. lacteals
- D. lumens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: villi. Villi are finger-like projections inside the small intestine that increase the surface area for nutrient absorption. They contain blood vessels and lacteals. Microvilli (A) are tiny projections on the surface of villi that further increase surface area. Lacteals (C) are lymphatic vessels within villi that absorb fats. Lumens (D) refer to the inner space of a tubular structure and are not the finger-like extensions inside the small intestine.
The enzymes produced by the exocrine pancreas include the following except:
- A. Proelastase
- B. DNase
- C. Amylase
- D. Enteropeptidase
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Enteropeptidase. Enteropeptidase is not produced by the exocrine pancreas; it is produced by the duodenal mucosa. Proelastase, DNase, and amylase are enzymes produced by the exocrine pancreas. Proelastase is involved in the breakdown of elastin, DNase breaks down DNA, and amylase helps in the digestion of carbohydrates. Therefore, the correct answer is D because Enteropeptidase is not produced by the exocrine pancreas but by the duodenal mucosa.