The theorist associated with self-efficacy is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. Abraham Maslow
- D. Albert Bandura
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Albert Bandura introduced self-efficacy, belief in one's ability to succeed.
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In the context of biomedical research, informed consent should be obtained in which of the following ways?
- A. By any means possible
- B. By subtle manipulation, if necessary
- C. In a noncoercive manner
- D. In a way that maximizes physician control
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Noncoercive consent respects autonomy and ethics in research.
You are caring for a 6-year-old boy who allegedly has been abused by his mother. During his mothers visits, which of the following is most associated with her being an abuser?
- A. A strong and loving relationship with her parents
- B. Single parent home
- C. A history of being abused as a child
- D. Unemployed
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Continuing of the abuse cycle into adulthood remains a frequent pattern.
After treatment for a detached retina, a survivor of intimate partner abuse says, My partner only abuses me when I make mistakes. Ive considered leaving, but I was brought up to believe you stay together, no matter what happens. Which diagnosis should be the focus of the nurses initial actions?
- A. Risk for injury related to physical abuse from partner
- B. Social isolation related to lack of a community support system
- C. Ineffective coping related to uneven distribution of power within a relationship
- D. Deficient knowledge related to resources for escape from an abusive relationship
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Risk for injury is the priority diagnosis because the partner has already inflicted physical injury during violent episodes. The other diagnoses are applicable, but the nurse must first address the patients safety.
In positive psychology small, simple actions can have a big impact on our
- A. Mood
- B. Personality
- C. Attitude
- D. Happiness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Small actions (e.g., gratitude) significantly boost happiness, per Lyubomirsky.
What is the role of the health care provider in the counseling?
- A. Acts as a partner who actively listens
- B. Helps the client explore pros and cons of change
- C. Provides expert advice given the patient's social circumstances
- D. Elicits motivation from the patient through conversation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Eliciting motivation empowers patients to drive their own change.