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The theorist associated with social learning theory is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. B.F. Skinner
- C. Albert Bandura
- D. Ivan Pavlov
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bandura's social learning theory emphasizes observation.
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The nurse notifies the treatment team that the client's electroconvulsive therapy treatment scheduled for 9:45 a.m. is to be cancelled when the:
- A. Client's wife calls and reports she will be unable to get to the hospital before the treatment.
- B. Medication nurse gives him his regularly scheduled antihypertensive medication at 7 a.m.
- C. Night shift staff reports that the client slept fitfully and reports having 'bad dreams.'
- D. Client eats his usual breakfast of buttered toast, cooked cereal, tea, and juice.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because food intake before electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can increase the risk of aspiration during the procedure, which can be life-threatening. Buttered toast, cooked cereal, tea, and juice are considered solid food items that should be avoided before ECT to prevent complications. Choices A, B, and C are not immediate contraindications for canceling the ECT session. A: The client's wife being late does not impact the safety of the procedure. B: Taking antihypertensive medication does not pose a direct risk before ECT. C: Fitful sleep and bad dreams do not indicate a need for cancellation unless related to a medical emergency.
What type of therapy is 'person-centered' and utilizes a method of communication rather than a set of techniques?
- A. Motivational interviewing
- B. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- C. Narrative Therapy
- D. Existential Therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Motivational interviewing. This therapy aligns with the person-centered approach by focusing on empathetic listening, understanding the client's perspective, and fostering self-motivation for change. It emphasizes a collaborative and non-confrontational communication style, allowing clients to explore and resolve ambivalence towards behavior change. The other choices (B: CBT, C: Narrative Therapy, D: Existential Therapy) involve structured techniques and interventions rather than solely relying on communication to facilitate change.
The key to asking culturally competent assessment questions is to:
- A. Remove all bias from the questions.
- B. Ask simple, simply worded questions.
- C. Address all age groups and genders within the culture.
- D. Recognize that culture affects all aspects of an individual's life.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
A: Removing bias ensures questions are neutral and unbiased, crucial for culturally competent assessment.
B: Simple wording may overlook nuances or cultural context, leading to misinterpretations.
C: Focusing on age and gender may not address other cultural factors that influence individuals.
D: While culture impacts various aspects of life, recognizing this alone doesn't ensure bias-free questions.
Which nursing diagnosis would likely apply to both patients with paranoid schizophrenia and patients with amphetamine-induced psychosis?
- A. Powerlessness
- B. Disturbed thought processes
- C. Ineffective thermoregulation
- D. Impaired oral mucous membrane
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Disturbed thought processes. Both patients with paranoid schizophrenia and amphetamine-induced psychosis commonly experience altered thinking patterns, hallucinations, and delusions. This nursing diagnosis addresses the cognitive disruptions present in both conditions.
Incorrect choices:
A: Powerlessness - This diagnosis refers to a lack of control over one's life situation, which may not be a primary concern for these patients.
C: Ineffective thermoregulation - This diagnosis relates to the body's ability to maintain temperature, which is not typically affected in these conditions.
D: Impaired oral mucous membrane - This diagnosis is related to issues with the mouth's lining and is not typically associated with paranoid schizophrenia or amphetamine-induced psychosis.
This theorist identified eight developmental tasks or stages that are expressed as opposites or contraindications of each other.
- A. Erik Erikson
- B. Sigmund Freud
- C. Jean Piaget
- D. Abraham Maslow
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erikson's developmental concepts were derived partly from Sigmund Freud's concepts of personality development. Erikson's stages related to developmental task based on age.