Nokea
The theorist associated with zone of proximal development is
- A. Jean Piaget
- B. Erik Erikson
- C. Lev Vygotsky
- D. John Dewey
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vygotsky's zone of proximal development defines learning potential with guidance.
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The nurse is preparing to care for a patient who is HIV positive. Which action should the nurse take when following standard precautions for protection from HIV exposure?
- A. Put on gloves before touching body fluids.
- B. Recap intramuscular needles after injection.
- C. Wash own open skin lesion after providing care.
- D. Remove one finger on a glove during venipuncture.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Put on gloves before touching body fluids. This is because wearing gloves is a standard precaution to prevent exposure to HIV through contact with bodily fluids. Gloves create a barrier between the nurse's skin and the patient's fluids, reducing the risk of transmission. Recapitulating needles (B) can increase the risk of needle-stick injuries. Washing own open skin lesions (C) is important for personal hygiene but does not prevent HIV transmission. Removing one finger on a glove (D) compromises the protective barrier and exposes the nurse to potential infection.
A client diagnosed with depression has reported fatigue and poor concentration. When she is told that the results of her sleep study show that she has excessive REM sleep cycles, the client asks the nurse to explain what those results mean. The nurse best answers the client's concerns by replying:
- A. It means that you are sleep deprived.'
- B. REM sleep stands for rapid eye movement sleep.'
- C. Too much REM sleep deprives you of deep restoring sleep.'
- D. Depressed individuals generally experience prolonged periods of REM sleep.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Too much REM sleep deprives you of deep restoring sleep." This is the best answer because excessive REM sleep can disrupt the normal sleep cycle, leading to a deprivation of deep, restorative sleep stages like slow-wave sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is active, but the body remains mostly immobile. This can result in poor sleep quality and contribute to symptoms of fatigue and poor concentration reported by the client.
Choice A is incorrect because excessive REM sleep does not necessarily mean the client is sleep deprived. Choice B is an oversimplification and does not address the potential negative impact of excessive REM sleep on sleep quality. Choice D is also incorrect because while depressed individuals may have alterations in their sleep patterns, not all depressed individuals experience prolonged periods of REM sleep.
The nurse is conducting a family assessment. When asked about her children's performance at school, the single mother reported that her oldest, a 10-year-old, 'does OK with schoolwork but doesn't have any interest in being friends with the kids in her school.' To further investigate this situation the nurse asks the:
- A. Child why she doesn't have friends at school.
- B. Mother if her younger children have friends at school.
- C. Child what she does at home after she comes home from school.
- D. Mother to discuss the situation with the child's teacher or school counselor.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because asking the child what she does at home after school can provide insights into her social interactions, interests, and possible reasons for not having friends at school. This approach allows the nurse to understand the child's daily routine, activities, and possible areas for intervention or support.
A: Asking the child directly why she doesn't have friends may not yield accurate information as the child may not be able to articulate her feelings or may not be comfortable discussing the issue openly.
B: Inquiring about the younger children's friendships is not relevant to understanding the oldest child's situation and may not provide meaningful insights.
D: Involving the teacher or counselor without understanding the child's perspective first may not address the underlying reasons for her lack of friends and may not be the most appropriate initial step in the assessment process.
In the 1-year Graduate Diploma in Mental Health, the course is divided into X modules. What is X?
- A. 6
- B. 8
- C. 9
- D. 10
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Graduate Diploma in Mental Health typically comprises 8 modules, covering key mental health topics.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has AIDS. For which opportunistic lung infection caused by a fungus should the nurse monitor in this patient?
- A. Tuberculosis
- B. Cytomegalovirus
- C. Candida albicans
- D. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. Patients with AIDS are at high risk for opportunistic infections, particularly Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia due to their compromised immune system. This infection is a common cause of respiratory issues in AIDS patients. Monitoring for this specific infection is crucial for early detection and treatment.
A: Tuberculosis is also a common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients, but the question specifically mentions a lung infection caused by a fungus, ruling out tuberculosis.
B: Cytomegalovirus is a viral infection, not caused by a fungus, hence it is not the correct answer.
C: Candida albicans is a fungal infection, but it typically affects mucous membranes like the mouth and throat, not the lungs as specified in the question.