Nokea
The theorist who believes in cultural development is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. Lev Vygotsky
- D. Erik Erikson
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes cultural influences on development.
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Reinforcer is used to the behaviour
- A. Strengthen
- B. Weaken
- C. Perform
- D. Remove
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reinforcers strengthen behavior (Skinner).
You need to see a doctor for hearing loss when
- A. Sounds seem muffled
- B. One in four
- C. Difficulty understanding words against background noise
- D. Both A and C
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Muffled sounds and speech comprehension issues signal a need for medical attention.
Which statement made by a nurse who manages care for a number of culturally diverse Hispanic clients demonstrates an understanding of the challenges this assignment presents?
- A. I find the Hispanic language very difficult to master.'
- B. There are many differences between Hispanic subcultures.'
- C. Addressing the Hispanic culture's religious needs can be challenging.'
- D. I find Hispanic children to be very dependent upon their elders.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "There are many differences between Hispanic subcultures." This answer demonstrates an understanding of the complexity and diversity within the Hispanic community, emphasizing that there is not a monolithic Hispanic culture but rather various subcultures with distinct customs, traditions, and beliefs. Understanding these differences is crucial for providing culturally competent care.
Rationale:
1. Option A focuses on language proficiency, not cultural diversity.
2. Option C mentions religious needs but does not address the broader complexity of Hispanic culture.
3. Option D makes a generalization about Hispanic children, not addressing the diversity within Hispanic communities.
In summary, the correct answer acknowledges and respects the diverse nature of Hispanic subcultures, highlighting the importance of recognizing and understanding these differences to provide effective care.
Identify and define the five stages of change addressed in motivational interviewing.
- A. Precontemplation: denial of problem; goal is to create awareness of the problem
- B. Contemplation: recognizing the need to change; goal is to increase motivation
- C. Determination: planning and committing to action
- D. Action: applying the change in real situations
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Precontemplation: denial of problem; goal is to create awareness of the problem. In motivational interviewing, the first stage is Precontemplation, where the individual is unaware or in denial of the problem. The goal is to help them recognize the issue and increase awareness.
Choice B (Contemplation) is incorrect because it comes after Precontemplation and involves recognizing the need to change, not denial. Choice C (Determination) is incorrect as it follows Contemplation and involves planning and committing to action. Choice D (Action) is incorrect as it is the stage where the individual applies the change, which comes after Determination.
One common way of exploring in early childhood is by
- A. Avoiding
- B. Asking
- C. Listening
- D. Reading
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asking questions is a primary exploratory method in young children.