Nokea
The theorist who believes in developmental crises is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. Abraham Maslow
- D. Erik Erikson
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Erikson's stages feature developmental crises.
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Which statement best demonstrates the current status of the benefit of family involvement to the individual who is mentally ill?
- A. Family involvement is limited by the current confidentiality laws enforced by HIPAA.
- B. Family involvement is best stressed once the individual's mental health status has been stabilized.
- C. Despite education, families are generally ill prepared to significantly impact the mental health of their family member.
- D. While the benefits are well documented, the service is not consistently offered in the majority of mental health systems.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it highlights the current status of the benefit of family involvement for individuals who are mentally ill. It acknowledges that while the benefits of family involvement are well documented, the actual service is not consistently offered in most mental health systems. This indicates a gap between research evidence and practical implementation, hindering the full realization of the benefits.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
A: Incorrect because although confidentiality laws like HIPAA may pose challenges, they do not necessarily limit family involvement entirely.
B: Incorrect because family involvement is crucial throughout the mental health journey, not just after stabilization.
C: Incorrect because with proper support and resources, families can have a significant impact on the mental health of their loved ones.
A patient in need of surgery expresses the belief that exposing lung cancer to air during surgery can cause the tumor to spread. What might this belief reflect?
- A. Personal investigation of the mechanisms of cancer spread
- B. General fear of surgery or distrust of the physician
- C. A trust in conventional chemotherapy over surgical treatments
- D. An understanding of the risks and benefits of surgery
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This reflects a common folk belief tied to fear or mistrust, not scientific reasoning.
During an assessment interview with a newly admitted client, the nurse identifies a sense of anger developing in response to the client's defiant statements. In order to maintain a therapeutic environment, the nurse:
- A. Asks that another nurse continue the assessment.
- B. Identifies for the client the inappropriateness of his statements.
- C. Shares with the client that he appears angry about being admitted.
- D. Postpones the remainder of the interview until the client is more cooperative.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
C is correct because it acknowledges the client's emotions without judgment, fostering trust and open communication. It validates the client's feelings and helps explore the underlying issues. A avoids addressing the situation directly. B could escalate the client's defensiveness. D may reinforce the client's behavior by allowing avoidance.
Which experiencing actually increases our chances of success:
- A. Attitude
- B. Style
- C. Personality
- D. Positive emotions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Positive emotions (Fredrickson's broaden-and-build) enhance success by expanding resources.
The psychosexual stage associated with autonomy is
- A. Oral
- B. Anal
- C. Phallic
- D. Genital
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The anal stage (1-3 years) fosters autonomy through control mastery (Freud).