Nokea
The therapeutic action of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) blocks neurotransmitter reuptake, causing what effect?
- A. Increased concentration of neurotransmitters in the synaptic gap
- B. Decreased concentration of neurotransmitters in serum
- C. Destruction of receptor sites
- D. Limbic system stimulation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: If the reuptake of a substance is inhibited, then it accumulates in the synaptic gap and its concentration increases, permitting the ease of the transmission of impulses across the synaptic gap. Normal transmission of impulses across synaptic gaps is consistent with a normal rather than a depressed mood. The other options are not associated with blocking neurotransmitter reuptake.
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A nurse can anticipate anticholinergic side effects are likely to occur when a patient is prescribed what medication?
- A. Lithium
- B. Buspirone
- C. Risperidone
- D. Fluphenazine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fluphenazine, a first-generation antipsychotic medication, exerts muscarinic blockade, resulting in dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention. Lithium therapy is more often associated with fluid balance problems, including polydipsia, polyuria, and edema. Risperidone therapy is more often associated with movement disorders, orthostatic hypotension, and sedation. Buspirone is associated with anxiety reduction without major side effects.
A patient prescribed a muscarinic-receptor blocker, will require assess for what side effect?
- A. Dry mouth
- B. Gynecomastia
- C. Pseudoparkinsonism
- D. Orthostatic hypotension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Muscarinic-receptor blockade includes atropine-like side effects such as dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation. Gynecomastia is associated with decreased prolactin levels. Movement defects are associated with dopamine blockade. Orthostatic hypotension is associated with ?±??-receptor antagonism.
A nurse caring for a patient prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) will develop outcome criteria related to what outcome?
- A. Mood improvement
- B. Logical thought processes
- C. Reduced levels of motor activity
- D. Decreased extrapyramidal symptoms
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: SSRIs affect mood, relieving depression in many patients. SSRIs do not act to reduce thought disorders. SSRIs reduce depression but have little effect on motor hyperactivity. SSRIs do not produce extrapyramidal symptoms.
The spouse of a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia asks, 'Which neurotransmitters are more active when a person has schizophrenia?' The nurse's response will focus on which neurotransmitters? (Select all that apply.)
- A. GABA
- B. Substance P
- C. Histamine
- D. Dopamine
- E. Norepinephrine
Correct Answer: D,E
Rationale: Dopamine plays a role in the integration of thoughts and emotions, and excess dopamine is implicated in the thought disturbances of schizophrenia. Increased activity of norepinephrine also occurs. Substance P is most related to the pain experience. Histamine decrease is associated with depression. Increased GABA is associated with anxiety reduction.
A patient is demonstrating signs of dementia. The health care provider wants to make a differential diagnosis between Alzheimer's disease and multiple infarctions. Which diagnostic procedure should a nurse expect to prepare the patient for first?
- A. Computed tomography (CT) scan
- B. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
- C. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
- D. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A CT scan shows the presence or absence of structural changes, including cortical atrophy, ventricular enlargement, and areas of infarction-information that will be helpful to the health care provider. The other tests focus on brain activity and are more expensive; they may be ordered later.