Nokea
The toddlers years are a time of great cognitive, emotional and social development. The toddles is a child _______ months old.
- A. 6 to 12
- B. 36 to 48
- C. 9 to 36
- D. 12 to 36
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Toddlers are typically children who are 1 to 3 years old. In this context, the toddlers are children in the age range of 9 to 36 months old. This period is marked by significant cognitive, emotional, and social development as children in this age group start to explore their environments, develop their language skills, begin to understand emotions, and interact with others. It is a crucial stage in a child's development where they start becoming more independent and forming their own identities.
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A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of substance abuse who requests pain medication. What ethical principle should guide the nurse's decision-making in this situation?
- A. Beneficence
- B. Nonmaleficence
- C. Justice
- D. Veracity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The ethical principle that should guide the nurse's decision-making in this situation is beneficence, which emphasizes the nurse's obligation to act in the best interest of the patient. In this scenario, the nurse must balance the patient's request for pain medication with considerations related to the patient's history of substance abuse. The nurse should prioritize providing effective pain relief for the patient while also considering the potential risks of administering medication to someone with a history of substance abuse. By focusing on beneficence, the nurse can make decisions that promote the well-being and best interests of the patient, taking into account both the immediate need for pain relief and the patient's history of substance abuse.
Patient's health teaching for Lamotrigine (Lamictal} should include which of the following?
- A. Take each dose with food to avoid nausea.
- B. Eat a balanced diet to avoid weight gain.
- C. Report any rashes to your doctor immediately.
- D. This drug may cause psychological dependence.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lamotrigine (Lamictal) is known to cause a serious rash, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis, which can be life-threatening. Therefore, it is crucial for patients taking Lamotrigine to be aware of this potential side effect and report any skin rashes to their healthcare provider promptly. Early detection and appropriate management are essential in preventing serious complications related to these rashes.
A postpartum client reports feeling emotional and tearful despite no apparent physical discomfort. What nursing intervention should be prioritized to address the client's emotional well-being?
- A. Providing opportunities for rest and sleep
- B. Educating the client about the "baby blues" phenomenon
- C. Encouraging the client to engage in self-care activities
- D. Referring the client to a mental health professional
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Educating the client about the "baby blues" phenomenon should be prioritized as it is a common occurrence that happens to many women after giving birth. The "baby blues" refer to feelings of sadness, irritability, and tearfulness that many new mothers experience due to hormonal changes and the stress of adjusting to motherhood. By understanding that these feelings are a normal part of the postpartum period and that they usually resolve on their own within a few weeks, the client may feel reassured and supported. Providing information and support can help the client cope with these emotions and reduce any anxiety or distress they may be feeling. If the client's emotional state does not improve or becomes more severe, further intervention such as referring to a mental health professional may be necessary. But initially, education and reassurance about the "baby blues" can be an effective nursing intervention to address the client's emotional well-being.
In emergency situation when a patient is unable to give consent for life saving treatment, what type of consent allows to assume APPROPRIATE medical treatment ?
- A. Implied consent
- B. Express consent
- C. Informed consent
- D. Involuntary consent
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Implied consent is the type of consent that allows healthcare providers to assume appropriate medical treatment in emergency situations where a patient is unable to give consent. In these cases, it can be assumed that a reasonable person would consent to life-saving treatment if they were able to do so. Implied consent is based on the principle of necessity and prioritizes the patient's well-being when time is of the essence. It is crucial in emergency situations to act quickly to provide the necessary medical care to save a patient's life, even if they are unable to provide express consent at that moment.
A patient presents with petechiae, purpura, and mucosal bleeding. Laboratory tests reveal thrombocytopenia, elevated serum creatinine, and schistocytes on peripheral blood smear. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
- A. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
- B. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
- C. Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
- D. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare but serious condition characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neurological abnormalities, fever, and renal dysfunction. The classic pentad of symptoms includes fever, neurologic changes, renal impairment, thrombocytopenia, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. The presence of petechiae, purpura, and mucosal bleeding along with thrombocytopenia, elevated serum creatinine, and schistocytes on peripheral blood smear are consistent with TTP. In TTP, there is usually a deficiency of ADAMTS13 (a von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease) leading to excessive platelet adhesion, aggregation, and microthrombi formation within small blood vessels. Treatment typically