Nokea
The typical response to intravenous injection of 5-HT in an anaesthetised animal is:
- A. Rise in BP
- B. Fall in BP
- C. Rise followed by brief fall in BP
- D. Sharp fall, followed by brief rise, followed by prolonged fall in BP
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: IV 5-HT (serotonin) typically causes a triphasic BP response in anesthetized animals: an initial sharp fall (vasodilation), a brief rise (vasoconstriction), and a prolonged fall (Bezold-Jarisch reflex).
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Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT):
- A. Is widely distributed in the body only when the gum products are used
- B. Does not cross the placenta and so is safe for pregnant women
- C. Delays healing of esophagitis and peptic ulcers
- D. Has no drug interactions when a transdermal patch is used
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: NRT delays GI ulcer healing due to nicotine's effects on acid secretion.
The nurse administers amoxicillin 500 mg. The half-life of this drug is approximately 1 hour. At what point would the drug level in the body be 62.5 mg if the drug was not administered again?
- A. 1 hours after the original dose
- B. 2 hours after the original dose
- C. 3 hours after the original dose
- D. 4 hours after the original dose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to one-half of the peak level it previously achieved. At a dose of 500 mg the drug level would be 250 mg in 1 hour, 125 mg in 2 hours, 62.5 mg in 3 hours, and 31.25 mg in 4 hours so the correct answer is 3 hours.
The volume of distribution (Vd) for a drug that is completely retained in the vascular compartment would be?
- A. High
- B. Low
- C. Unchanged
- D. Cannot be determined
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A drug confined to the vascular compartment (e.g., plasma) has a low Vd, close to plasma volume (about 0.06 L/kg), indicating limited distribution.
The nurse is preparing a medication that is new to the market and cannot be found in the nurses drug guide. Where can the nurse get the most reliable information about this medication?
- A. Package insert
- B. Another nurse
- C. Drug manufacturer
- D. Physician
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most reliable information about the drug can be found on the package insert supplied by the manufacturer because it was prepared according to strict Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations. Asking another nurse or the physician is not reliable and cannot be verified as accurate. It would not be realistic to call the drug manufacturer for information.
The nurse is helping a client review a prescription from the health care provider. When examining the prescription, which of the following would the nurse expect to find documented?
- A. Name of the drug
- B. Dosage of the drug
- C. Route of drug administration
- D. All the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The prescription must contain the client's name, the name of the drug, the dosage, the method and times of administration, and the signature of the licensed health care provider prescribing the drug.