Nokea
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulates:
- A. Prescribing of drugs by MDs and NPs
- B. The official labeling for all prescription and over-the-counter drugs
- C. Off-label recommendations for prescribing
- D. Pharmaceutical educational offerings
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The FDA regulates drug labeling , not prescribing practices , off-label use , or education , which fall under state or professional domains.
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A nurse is teaching a female client who has tobacco use disorder about Nicotine replacement therapy. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should avoid eating right before I chew a piece of nicotine gum.
- B. I will need to stop using the nicotine gum after 1 year.
- C. I know that nicotine gum is a safe alternative to resulting if I become pregnant.
- D. I must chew the nicotine gum quickly for about 15 minutes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Avoiding food before chewing enhances nicotine absorption; gum isn't safe in pregnancy, and chewing is slow.
Corticosteroids are acting on:
- A. Ion channels
- B. Thirosinkinase
- C. G-proteins
- D. genome and cases gene transcription
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Corticosteroids act on the genome, binding to receptors that regulate gene transcription.
Which source contains information specific to nutritional supplements?
- A. USP Dictionary of USAN & International Drug Names
- B. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database
- C. United States Pharmacopoeia/National Formulary (USP NF)
- D. Drug Interaction Facts
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: United States Pharmacopoeia/National Formulary contains information specific to nutritional supplements. USP Dictionary of USAN & International Drug Names is a compilation of drug names, pronunciation guide, and possible future FDA approved drugs; it does not include nutritional supplements. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database contains evidence-based information on herbal medicines and herbal combination products; it does not include information specific to nutritional supplements. Drug Interaction Facts contains comprehensive information on drug interaction facts; it does not include nutritional supplements.
Ciprofloxacin increases the toxicity of theophylline by
- A. Inhibiting metabolism
- B. Decreasing excretion
- C. Decrease seizure threshold
- D. Promote absorption
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ciprofloxacin reduces theophylline clearance, decreasing excretion.
A pharmacology student asks the instructor what an accurate description of a drug agonist is. What is the instructor's best response?
- A. A drug that reacts with a receptor site on a cell preventing a reaction with another chemical on a different receptor site
- B. A drug that interferes with the enzyme systems that act as catalyst for different chemical reactions
- C. A drug that interacts directly with receptor sites to cause the same activity that a natural chemical would cause at that site
- D. A drug that reacts with receptor sites to block normal stimulation, producing no effect
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Agonists are drugs that produce effects similar to those produced by naturally occurring neurotransmitters, hormones, or other substances found in the body. Noncompetitive antagonists are drugs that react with some receptor sites preventing the reaction of another chemical with a different receptor site. Drug-enzyme interactions interfere with the enzyme systems that stimulate various chemical reactions.