Nokea
The use of plants in conventional modern medicine is evidenced by the drug atropine, which is derived from which plant?
- A. Digitalis purpurea
- B. Cephaelis ipecacuanha
- C. Rauwolfia serpentina
- D. Atropa belladonna
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Atropa belladonna. Atropine is derived from Atropa belladonna plant. Atropa belladonna contains alkaloids which are used in modern medicine for various purposes. Digitalis purpurea (A) is known for digitalis, Cephaelis ipecacuanha (B) for ipecacuanha, and Rauwolfia serpentina (C) for reserpine, not atropine. Therefore, D is the correct choice for this question.
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A newly hired nurse is asked to serve on a committee formed to recruit and retain nurses. At the committee meeting, the nurse learns that:
- A. older nurses are being encouraged to retire so that younger, more efficient nurses can practice.
- B. Magnet hospitals are able to attract nurses with sign-on bonuses and flexible work hours but fail to retain nurses because insufficient autonomy over professional practice is provided.
- C. multitasking is seldom desired by the younger generation of nurses.
- D. many younger workers are less concerned with longevity and are willing to change institutions to achieve professional advancement and flexible work hours.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Many younger workers prioritize professional advancement and flexible work hours over longevity.
Step 2: This mindset leads them to change institutions to achieve their career goals.
Step 3: The nurse learns about this behavior during the committee meeting.
Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is D as it aligns with the behavior and motivations of younger nurses.
Summary:
A: Encouraging older nurses to retire is age discrimination and does not address retention issues.
B: Magnet hospitals attract nurses with benefits, but lack of autonomy is not the primary reason for retention issues.
C: Multitasking preferences do not directly relate to recruitment and retention challenges.
A nurse practicing in the early 1900s was awarded a permissive license. These licenses:
- A. were voluntary; however, a nurse who failed the examination could not use the title RN.
- B. required a maximum of 1 year of formalized nurse training.
- C. allowed nurses who did not pass the licensure examination to still practice.
- D. allowed nurses the choice of taking a written or oral licensure examination.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because permissive licenses in the early 1900s were voluntary but required passing an examination to use the title RN. This ensured a basic level of competency. Choice B is incorrect as there was no specific requirement for the duration of formalized nurse training. Choice C is incorrect as failing the examination would disqualify nurses from practice. Choice D is incorrect as there was typically only one type of licensure examination, not a choice between written or oral.
Organizations measure the effectiveness of their budgets by examining actual revenues and expenditures versus:
- A. planned variances.
- B. incremental budgets.
- C. productivity metrics.
- D. expected performance.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: planned variances. Organizations compare actual revenues and expenditures to planned variances to measure budget effectiveness. Planned variances show the differences between the budgeted amounts and the actual results, highlighting areas of over or underperformance. This analysis helps organizations identify reasons for deviations and adjust future budgets accordingly.
Explanation for other choices:
B: Incremental budgets focus on adjusting previous budgets by a fixed amount, not on comparing actual versus planned amounts.
C: Productivity metrics measure the efficiency of resources used, not specifically related to budget effectiveness.
D: Expected performance is a vague term that does not directly address comparing actual versus planned financial data.
What is the primary factor that characterizes a patient receiving palliative care
- A. A diagnosis of a serious, life-threatening disease
- B. Ability to make sound health care decisions
- C. An interest in exploring available life sustaining treatment options
- D. A life expectancy of less than 12 months
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the primary factor that characterizes a patient receiving palliative care is a diagnosis of a serious, life-threatening disease. Palliative care focuses on providing relief from the symptoms and stress of a serious illness, regardless of the stage of the disease or the prognosis. This means that palliative care can be appropriate for patients with a variety of life expectancies, not just those with less than 12 months to live. Choices B and C are incorrect because while they are important factors in healthcare decision-making, they are not the primary factor that characterizes a patient receiving palliative care. Choice D is also incorrect because palliative care can be provided to patients with various life expectancies, not just those with less than 12 months to live.
Advanced practice nurses are prepared minimally at the master's degree level with prescriptive privileges; these professionals include: (select all that apply)
- A. clinical nurse leader.
- B. nurse practitioner.
- C. nursing administrator.
- D. certified nurse-midwife.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: nurse practitioner. Nurse practitioners are advanced practice nurses prepared at the master's level with prescriptive privileges. They are trained to provide comprehensive care, including diagnosing and prescribing medications.
A: Clinical nurse leader focuses on improving patient outcomes in a specific unit or department, but they do not have prescriptive privileges.
C: Nursing administrator is a managerial role that does not typically involve direct patient care or prescribing medications.
D: Certified nurse-midwife is an advanced practice nurse focused on maternal and newborn care, but they do not have prescriptive privileges unless they also hold a nurse practitioner certification.