Nokea
A contractual agreement between the insurer and the provider in which covered members are encouraged to use specific health care providers in return for reduced rates is which type of arrangement?
- A. Health maintenance organization
- B. Preferred provider organization
- C. Fee-for-service arrangement
- D. Philanthropic agency
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Preferred provider organization (PPO). PPOs offer reduced rates to covered members who use specific healthcare providers within their network. This arrangement incentivizes members to choose in-network providers, resulting in cost savings for both the insurer and the member. In contrast, A (Health maintenance organization) focuses on preventive care and requires members to select a primary care physician, C (Fee-for-service arrangement) allows members to choose any provider with varying reimbursement rates, and D (Philanthropic agency) is not related to health insurance arrangements.
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Which item below correctly describes the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predictions by 2020?
- A. Positions that historically required registered nurses will be filled by unlicensed personnel.
- B. The job growth rate for RNs will surpass job growth in all other occupations.
- C. The need for hospital nurses will dramatically decrease.
- D. Hospitals will finally achieve the required RN workforce.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that the job growth rate for RNs will surpass job growth in all other occupations by 2020. This is supported by the increasing demand for healthcare services due to an aging population and advancements in medical technology. Choice A is incorrect as the need for registered nurses is expected to continue due to the complexity of patient care. Choice C is incorrect as the need for hospital nurses is projected to increase, not decrease. Choice D is incorrect as many hospitals still struggle to achieve the required RN workforce due to various factors like turnover and retention issues.
This certificate of inspection is health policy enforced at which level of government?
- A. Local
- B. State
- C. Federal
- D. International
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: State. State governments are responsible for enforcing health policies such as certificates of inspection within their own jurisdiction. They have the authority to regulate and monitor health standards at the state level. Local governments (A) typically focus on implementing policies within their specific region, while federal governments (C) oversee broader health policies that apply across the entire country. International (D) level does not have jurisdiction over local health policies. Therefore, the state level is the most appropriate answer for enforcing a certificate of inspection in this context.
What is the primary factor that characterizes a patient receiving palliative care
- A. A diagnosis of a serious, life-threatening disease
- B. Ability to make sound health care decisions
- C. An interest in exploring available life sustaining treatment options
- D. A life expectancy of less than 12 months
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the primary factor that characterizes a patient receiving palliative care is a diagnosis of a serious, life-threatening disease. Palliative care focuses on providing relief from the symptoms and stress of a serious illness, regardless of the stage of the disease or the prognosis. This means that palliative care can be appropriate for patients with a variety of life expectancies, not just those with less than 12 months to live. Choices B and C are incorrect because while they are important factors in healthcare decision-making, they are not the primary factor that characterizes a patient receiving palliative care. Choice D is also incorrect because palliative care can be provided to patients with various life expectancies, not just those with less than 12 months to live.
A nurse is interested in learning how reminiscence therapy can improve memory in cognitively intact persons over the age of 65 years. Findings from three groups are compared. Group 1 receives music therapy, Group 2 receives life review therapy, and Group 3 does not receive therapy, but data are collected from all three groups and compared. Group 3 is known as the:
- A. pilot study.
- B. survey.
- C. needs assessment.
- D. control group.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: control group. In this study design, Group 3 serves as the control group to compare the effects of music therapy and life review therapy on memory. The control group does not receive any intervention, allowing researchers to isolate the impact of the therapies. This helps determine if any observed improvements in memory are due to the therapies and not other factors. A pilot study (A) is a small-scale preliminary investigation, not a comparison group. A survey (B) is a data collection method, not a comparison group. A needs assessment (C) is used to determine needs, not a comparison group. Thus, the control group is essential in research to establish causal relationships.
Which experience is best designed to support a nursing student's preparation for interprofessional team participation?
- A. Attending a seminar on interprofessional team cooperation
- B. Completing a preceptorship with an advanced practice nurse
- C. Carrying for three patients with varying medical diagnoses
- D. Presenting patient information at the daily care planning meeting on a mental health unit
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, completing a preceptorship with an advanced practice nurse. This experience allows the nursing student to directly work with and learn from a more experienced healthcare professional, gaining firsthand knowledge of interprofessional collaboration, communication, and teamwork. The preceptorship provides practical, real-world exposure to interprofessional team dynamics and allows for mentorship and guidance.
A: Attending a seminar may provide theoretical knowledge but lacks the practical application and direct experience of working within a team.
C: Caring for patients with varying medical diagnoses is important for developing clinical skills but may not specifically focus on interprofessional team participation.
D: Presenting patient information at a meeting involves communication skills but does not offer the same level of hands-on experience in interprofessional teamwork as a preceptorship.