Nokea
An older adult woman who stops using complementary alternative medicine (CAM) becomes disoriented and is given a diagnosis of dementiThe family is upset with the family physician and the CAM practitioner for not diagnosing the condition earlier. Which CAM may have interfered with early detection of the dementia?
- A. Large doses of calcium caused cerebral plaques to form, thereby disguising atrophy of the brain.
- B. Excess doses of folic acid masked a vitamin B deficiency that led to dementia.
- C. Hypnotherapy focused on current pleasant thoughts, eliminating clues to the past.
- D. The electrical current from magnetic fields interfered with normal brain waves, resulting in confusion and inability to concentrate.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because large doses of calcium causing cerebral plaques to form can potentially mask the atrophy of the brain, which is a common indicator of dementia on imaging studies. This interference could delay the detection of dementia.
Choice B is incorrect because excess folic acid would not mask a vitamin B deficiency that could lead to dementia. Choice C is incorrect as hypnotherapy focusing on current thoughts would not necessarily eliminate clues to past cognitive decline. Choice D is incorrect because there is no evidence that the electrical current from magnetic fields interferes with normal brain waves in a way that would cause confusion and inability to concentrate.
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In the preparedness phase for disasters, the community plans for a possible terrorist attack using anthrax as the weapon of destruction. What treatments and/or preparations would be needed?
- A. Vaccines and Level B Personal Protection Equipment (PPE)
- B. Treatment for burns, decontamination, and Level A PPE
- C. Social distance determination, decontamination for radioactive fallout
- D. Identify and detect incendiary devices, treatment for burns and propellants
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vaccines and Level B Personal Protection Equipment (PPE). In the preparedness phase for a terrorist attack using anthrax, vaccines are crucial for prevention. Level B PPE provides respiratory protection and skin protection against anthrax spores. This is essential for healthcare workers and first responders.
Choice B is incorrect as it mentions treatment for burns, which is not relevant to anthrax exposure. Decontamination and Level A PPE are not specifically needed for anthrax. Choice C is incorrect as it mentions radioactive fallout, which is not relevant to anthrax. Social distancing is also not effective in preventing anthrax exposure. Choice D is incorrect as it mentions incendiary devices and treatment for burns, which are not related to anthrax exposure. Identifying and detecting propellants is also not relevant to anthrax preparedness.
When planning health care, the nurse should be mindful that members of the Asian culture tend to:
- A. miss appointments because they are present oriented and time is viewed as flexible.
- B. look to their ancestors for guidance.
- C. plan ahead and be future oriented.
- D. arrive early because they have no concept of time.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because Asian culture tends to be future-oriented, emphasizing planning and preparation. This is reflected in their approach to health care where they prioritize preventive measures and long-term health goals. Choice A is incorrect as missing appointments is not a common behavior due to cultural time perception. Choice B is incorrect as while ancestors may hold significance, they do not guide health care decisions. Choice D is incorrect as Asians are often punctual and value time.
A novice nurse is unsure of his ability to insert a nasogastric tube for one of the assigned patients who is vomiting coffee ground emesis. The novice nurse waits, hoping that someone with more experience will volunteer to do the job, or he just waits until the end of the shift. This nurse is practicing:
- A. energy management.
- B. priority setting.
- C. procrastination.
- D. introspection.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: procrastination. Procrastination is the act of delaying or avoiding a task that needs to be accomplished. In this scenario, the novice nurse is avoiding the task of inserting a nasogastric tube for a patient who needs it due to uncertainty and fear. Waiting for someone else to volunteer or delaying the task until the end of the shift are clear examples of procrastination. Energy management (A) involves efficiently allocating time and resources, which is not demonstrated here. Priority setting (B) would involve recognizing the urgency of the situation and taking appropriate action. Introspection (D) refers to self-reflection and analyzing one's thoughts and feelings, which is not the primary issue at hand in this scenario.
A nurse hopes to improve time management skills using the ABC prioritization approach. Which tasks would be prioritized as "B"? (select all that apply)
- A. Turn in time sheet due in 3 days.
- B. Review dress code policy to give feedback before appointment in the morning.
- C. Perform blood glucose test on a patient admitted with Kussmaul respirations and change in level of consciousness.
- D. Complete patient teaching prior to discharge in 2 hours.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because reviewing the dress code policy to give feedback before an appointment in the morning is time-sensitive and directly impacts the nurse's professional responsibilities. This task falls under the "B" category in the ABC prioritization approach, which prioritizes tasks that are important but not urgent. This task requires attention before the morning appointment to ensure professionalism and compliance.
Tasks A, C, and D are not prioritized as "B" because they are either more urgent or less important compared to reviewing the dress code policy before the morning appointment. Task A is important but not urgent as the time sheet is not due immediately. Task C is categorized as "A" as it involves a critical patient situation that requires immediate attention. Task D is categorized as "C" as it is important and time-sensitive, needing completion before discharge in 2 hours.
A director of nursing (DON) asks the staff to list how their nursing unit can help the organization meet its goal to "provide quality patient care with attention to compassion and excellence." An ad hoc committee is formed to develop a timeline of identified actions. The DON coaches the committee to reach desired outcomes. This DON is demonstrating which other role of leadership and management?
- A. Transactional
- B. Clinical consultant
- C. Corporate supporter
- D. Autocratic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Clinical consultant. In this scenario, the DON is providing guidance and expertise to the ad hoc committee in developing strategies to meet the organization's goal of providing quality patient care. As a clinical consultant, the DON utilizes their clinical knowledge and experience to coach and support the committee in achieving desired outcomes related to patient care. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Transactional leadership focuses on exchanging rewards for performance and does not align with the DON's role in providing clinical guidance.
C: Corporate supporter role involves advocating for organizational goals at a higher level and is not directly related to coaching a committee on clinical matters.
D: Autocratic leadership style is characterized by making decisions without input from others, which is not demonstrated in the scenario where the DON is coaching and guiding the committee.