Nokea
The Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System is:
- A. A mandatory reporting system for all health-care providers when they encounter an adverse vaccine event
- B. A voluntary reporting system that health-care providers or consumers may use to report vaccine adverse events
- C. Utilized to send out safety alerts regarding emerging vaccine safety issues
- D. Activated when a vaccine has been proven to cause significant adverse effects
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: VAERS is a voluntary system for reporting vaccine ADRs by providers or consumers, not mandatory or alert-only .
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A nurse is preparing to administer Propranolol to a client who has a dysrhythmia. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
- A. Hold propranolol for an apical pulse greater than 100/min.
- B. Administer propranolol to increase the client's blood pressure.
- C. Assist the client when she sits up or stands after taking this medication.
- D. Check for hypokalemia frequently due to the risk for propranolol toxicity.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Propranolol can cause orthostatic hypotension; assisting with position changes prevents falls.
When given subcutaneously, how long until neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin begins to take effect (onset of action) after administration?
- A. 15 to 30 minutes
- B. 60 to 90 minutes
- C. 3 to 4 hours
- D. 6 to 8 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: NPH insulin has an onset of 60-90 minutes; shorter is rapid-acting, longer is basal.
Pharmacokinetic factors that affect prescribing include:
- A. Therapeutic index
- B. Minimum effective concentration
- C. Bioavailability
- D. Ease of titration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bioavailability directly impacts how much drug reaches circulation, a key pharmacokinetic factor, unlike therapeutic index or titration ease .
A patient presents to the emergency department with a drug level of 50 units/mL. The half-life of this drug is 1 hour. With this drug, concentrations above 25 units/mL are considered toxic and no more drug is given. How long will it take for the blood level to reach the non-toxic range?
- A. 30 minutes
- B. 1 hour
- C. 2 hours
- D. 3 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Half-life is the time required for the serum concentration of a drug to decrease by 50%. After 1 hour, the serum concentration would be 25 units/mL (50/2) if the body can properly metabolize and excrete the drug. After 2 hours, the serum concentration would be 12.5 units/mL (25/2) and reach the nontoxic range. In 30 minutes the drug level would be 37.5 units/mL, whereas in 3 hours the drug level would be 6.25.
Your patient calls for an appointment before going on vacation. Which medication should you ensure he has an adequate supply of before leaving to avoid life-threatening complications?
- A. Carvedilol
- B. Donepezil
- C. Bethanechol
- D. Tacrine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Abrupt carvedilol withdrawal can cause life-threatening rebound hypertension or ischemia.