Nokea
The vast majority of tumors originating from the heart are benign. Of the following, the MOST common pediatric cardiac tumors are
- A. fibromas
- B. rhabdomyomas
- C. myxomas
- D. hemangiomas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rhabdomyomas are the most common benign cardiac tumors in children.
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Neurodegenerative diseases include the following:
- A. Niemann-Pick disease
- B. Metachromatic leukodystrophy
- C. Leigh's encephalopathy
- D. Canavan disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because Niemann-Pick disease is a neurodegenerative disorder. The other options (b-e) are also neurodegenerative diseases.
Mycoplasma pneumonia:
- A. Is associated with bullous myringitis
- B. Cold haemaglutinin antibodies are a recognised finding
- C. Guillain-Barre syndrome is a recognised sequel
- D. Is associated with erythema marginatum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cold haemagglutinin antibodies are a recognized finding in Mycoplasma pneumonia. Bullous myringitis and Guillain-Barre syndrome are also associated.
A female client who was involved in a motor vehicle collision with a fractured left femur which is immobilized using a fracture traction splint in preparation for an open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). The nurse determines that her distal pulses are diminished in the left foot. Which interventions should the nurse implement? Select all that apply.
- A. Monitor left leg for pain, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis, pressure. Verify pedal pulses using a doppler pulse device. Evaluate the application of the splint to the left leg
- B. Verify pedal pulses using a Doppler pulse device
- C. Evaluate the application of the splint to the left leg.
- D. Administer pain medication to alleviate discomfort.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring for signs of compartment syndrome and verifying pulses are critical to ensure adequate circulation and prevent complications.
False statements include:
- A. Curosurf is a natural surfactant
- B. Antenatal steroids are usually given as two oral doses of dexamethasone
- C. Increasing the rate on the ventilator raises the mean airway pressure
- D. CPAP is a common weaning tool in ventilated pre terms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because antenatal steroids are typically given intramuscularly, not orally. The other options (a, c, d, e) are true statements.
The nurse is caring for a child after heart surgery. What should the nurse do if evidence of cardiac tamponade is found?
- A. Increase analgesia
- B. Apply warming blankets
- C. Immediately report this to physician
- D. Encourage child to cough, turn, and breathe deeply
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: If evidence is noted of cardiac tamponade, which is blood or fluid in the pericardial space constricting the heart, the physician is notified immediately of this life-threatening complication. Increasing analgesia may be done before the physician drains the fluid, but the physician must be notified. Warming blankets are not indicated at this time. Encouraging the child to cough, turn, and breathe deeply should be deferred till after the evaluation by the physician.