Nokea
In protein energy malnutrition:
- A. Albumin is typically low
- B. RT3 levels are decreased
- C. There is increased reaction to tuberculin testing
- D. Fatty liver is a recognised finding
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In protein energy malnutrition, albumin levels typically drop due to a lack of protein intake, leading to hypoalbuminemia and edema.
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A client with hypothyroidism reports difficulty falling asleep because of feelings of depression. Which action should the nurse implement?
- A. Review most recent thyroid function test results
- B. Encourage the client to take an afternoon nap.
- C. Refer the client for a psychiatric evaluation.
- D. Suggest reducing fluid intake before bedtime.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypothyroidism can cause depression and sleep disturbances. Reviewing thyroid function tests helps determine if the symptoms are related to inadequate thyroid hormone levels.
Hyperkalaemia:
- A. Is exacerbated by acidosis
- B. Is a finding in Conn's syndrome
- C. ECG findings include peaked tall T-waves
- D. Should be treated if serum K+ > 6mmol/l
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acidosis exacerbates hyperkalaemia by causing a shift of potassium from intracellular to extracellular space, worsening the condition.
Frequent complications of Mycoplasma infection include:
- A. Thrombocytopenia
- B. Haemolytic anaemia
- C. Cardiac conduction defects
- D. Pleural effusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Haemolytic anaemia: Mycoplasma infections, particularly with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, can lead to autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, where the body’s immune system destroys red blood cells.
A 5-year-old child has an elevated blood pressure during a well child exam. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes mottling and pallor of the child's feet and lower legs and auscultates a systolic ejection murmur in the left infraclavicular region radiating to the child's back. The nurse practitioner will suspect which condition?
- A. Aortic stenosis (AS)
- B. Coarctation of the aorta (COA)
- C. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
- D. Pulmonic stenosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Coarctation of the aorta may not have symptoms until later childhood and may present as high blood pressure in the upper extremities and poor perfusion in the lower extremities.
The blood pressure in the right arm is 95/70, and in the lower extremity it is 45/25. The most likely diagnosis is
- A. patent ductus arteriosus
- B. truncus arteriosus
- C. asplenia
- D. coarctation of the aorta
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Coarctation of the aorta causes a significant difference in blood pressure between the upper and lower extremities.