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Which is a common, serious complication of rheumatic fever?
- A. Seizures
- B. Cardiac arrhythmias
- C. Pulmonary hypertension
- D. Cardiac valve damage
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cardiac valve damage is the most significant complication of rheumatic fever. Seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, and pulmonary hypertension are not common complications of rheumatic fever.
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A child has been diagnosed with valvular disease following rheumatic fever (RF). During patient teaching, the nurse discusses the child’s long-term prophylactic therapy with antibiotics for dental procedures, surgery, and childbirth. The parents Indicate they understand when they say:
- A. “She will need to take the antibiotics until she turns 18 years old.â€
- B. “She will need to take the antibiotics for 5 years after the last attack.â€
- C. “She will need to take the antibiotics for 10 years after the last attack.â€
- D. “She will need to take the antibiotics for the rest of her life.â€
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lifelong antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for individuals with valvular disease following rheumatic fever to prevent recurrent infections and further cardiac damage.
While preparing to discharge an 8-month-old infant who is recovering from gastroenteritis and dehydration, the nurse teaches the parents about their infant’s dietary and fluid requirements. The nurse should include which other topic in the teaching session?
- A. Nursery schools
- B. Toilet Training
- C. Safety guidelines
- D. Preparation for surgery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Safety guidelines are crucial for an 8-month-old infant who is becoming more mobile and curious, reducing the risk of accidents.
Patrick, a healthy adolescent has meningitis and is receiving I.V. and oral fluids. The nurse should monitor this client’s fluid intake because fluid overload may cause:
- A. Cerebral edema
- B. Dehydration
- C. Heart failure
- D. Hypovolemic shock
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid overload in a patient with meningitis can exacerbate cerebral edema, increasing intracranial pressure and worsening the condition.
Despite the use of antibiotic agents, mortality remains high, in the range of 20-25%. Serious morbidity occurs in 50-60% of children with documented infective endocarditis. Of the following, the MOST common morbidity is
- A. heart failure
- B. pulmonary emboli
- C. mycotic aneurysms
- D. acquired ventricular septal defect
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Heart failure is the most common morbidity in children with infective endocarditis.
Which is the leading cause of death after heart transplantation?
- A. Infection
- B. Rejection
- C. Cardiomyopathy
- D. Heart failure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The posttransplant course is complex. The leading cause of death after cardiac transplantation is rejection. Infection is a continued risk secondary to the immunosuppression necessary to prevent rejection. Cardiomyopathy is one of the indications for cardiac transplant. Heart failure is not a leading cause of death.