Nokea
The vitamin that may help prevent fetal neural tube defects when consumed before pregnancy and through the early weeks of pregnancy is:
- A. vitamin B6
- B. niacin
- C. vitamin C
- D. folic acid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Folic acid, a B vitamin, is crucial for preventing neural tube defects in the fetus when taken before and during early pregnancy.
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Which foods are commonly fortified with vitamin D?
- A. Flour
- B. Cereal
- C. Milk
- D. Tuna
- E. Margarine
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Cereals, milk, and margarine are commonly fortified with vitamin D to help prevent deficiencies, especially in populations with limited sun exposure.
The primary function of carbohydrates as a food source is to:
- A. regulate metabolic processes
- B. build body tissue
- C. supply energy
- D. provide bulk
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy, providing 4 kcal per gram and serving as the main fuel for cellular processes.
The largest source of sodium in the typical American diet is:
- A. processed foods
- B. salt added at the table
- C. salt added while cooking
- D. foods naturally high in salt
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Processed foods, such as canned goods, snacks, and fast foods, contribute the majority of sodium in the American diet due to added salt and preservatives.
A patient with a BMI of 22 should be considered:
- A. overweight
- B. at a healthy weight
- C. underweight
- D. obese
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A BMI of 22 falls within the healthy weight range (18.5-24.9), indicating a balanced body weight for height.
Which are recommendations for dietary changes during pregnancy?
- A. Double the amount of iron that was consumed prepregnancy
- B. Double the calorie intake since the woman is 'eating for two' now
- C. Increase folic acid to prevent nervous system birth defects
- D. Increase calories by 300 per day during pregnancy
- E. Limit sugar and use any artificial sweeteners to prevent unnecessary weight gain
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: During pregnancy, iron needs increase to support blood volume expansion, folic acid is critical to prevent neural tube defects, and an additional 300 calories per day is recommended. Doubling calorie intake is excessive, and artificial sweeteners should be used cautiously.