Lymphatic Immune System Quizlet

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Therapy for autoimmune diseases does NOT include

  • A. Immuno-suppressive drugs such as cortisone
  • B. Aspirin
  • C. Anti-TNF therapy
  • D. Anti-CD20
Correct Answer: E

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (E):
E: Surgery is the correct answer. Surgery is not typically used as a primary therapy for autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases are usually treated with medications such as immuno-suppressive drugs (A), anti-inflammatory drugs (B), and targeted therapies like anti-TNF (C) and anti-CD20 (D) to manage symptoms and control the immune response. Surgery is only considered in specific cases when other treatments have failed or for complications related to the autoimmune disease. Therefore, surgery is not a standard therapy for autoimmune diseases.

Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: Immuno-suppressive drugs like cortisone are commonly used in autoimmune disease treatment.
B: Aspirin is an anti-inflammatory drug that can help manage symptoms in some autoimmune diseases.
C: Anti-TNF therapy targets specific molecules involved in the immune response in autoimmune diseases.
D: Anti-CD20 therapy targets B cells to modulate the immune response in autoimmune diseases.

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The immunoglobulin class which is the least abundant in the normal adult is

  • A. IgG
  • B. IgA
  • C. IgE
  • D. IgD
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, IgE. IgE is the least abundant immunoglobulin in the normal adult because it is primarily involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections, leading to its lower baseline levels compared to other classes. IgG is the most abundant and provides long-term immunity. IgA is found in mucosal areas and secretions, crucial for local immunity. IgD functions primarily as a B cell receptor and its levels are relatively low in circulation. Therefore, IgE stands out as the least abundant in the normal adult due to its specialized role in immune responses.

During exacerbations of SL, patients are often treated with:

  • A. Antiemetics.
  • B. Antineoplastics.
  • C. Corticosteroids.
  • D. Antibiotics.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Corticosteroids are commonly used during exacerbations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. Antineoplastics and antibiotics target different conditions and are not the primary treatment for SLE.

Which of the following is NOT true about the definition of acquired passive immunity

  • A. Breast milk is an example
  • B. It provides short term protection
  • C. Can be transferred through the placenta
  • D. It can be used for disease prevention
Correct Answer: E

Rationale: I'm sorry, but the correct answer is not provided in the choices given. Acquired passive immunity refers to the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another. Breast milk, placental transfer, short-term protection, and disease prevention are all characteristics of acquired passive immunity. Therefore, the correct answer is not presented in the options provided.

Which of the following is not usually observed in severe Covid-19 cases?

  • A. Prompt and sustained production of type I Interferon
  • B. Autoantibodies
  • C. A delayed CD4 T cell response
  • D. Elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. In severe Covid-19 cases, there is usually a dysregulated immune response.
2. Type I Interferon plays a crucial role in early antiviral defense.
3. However, in severe cases, there is often a blunted or delayed response of type I Interferon.
4. This delayed response contributes to viral persistence and hyperinflammation.
5. Therefore, the prompt and sustained production of type I Interferon is not usually observed in severe Covid-19 cases.

Summary:
- Choice A is correct as the prompt and sustained production of type I Interferon is not typically observed in severe Covid-19 cases.
- Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as autoantibodies, a delayed CD4 T cell response, and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines are commonly observed in severe Covid-19 cases.

What is the consequence of granzyme entering a target cell?

  • A. Neutralization of toxins
  • B. Activation of apoptosis pathways
  • C. Inhibition of cytokine secretion
  • D. Promotion of antigen presentation
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Granzyme entering a target cell activates apoptosis pathways by inducing cell death. Firstly, granzyme activates caspases leading to cell death. Secondly, it triggers DNA fragmentation and cell shrinkage. Lastly, it enhances membrane blebbing and apoptotic body formation. The other choices are incorrect because granzyme does not neutralize toxins, inhibit cytokine secretion, or promote antigen presentation within a target cell.

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