Nokea
There are pre operative medications given to the patient. Which of the following druugs are given in order to decrease intra-operative anesthetic requirements and pain?
- A. Celebrex (celecoxib)
- B. Acetaminaphen (tylenol)
- C. Ibuprofen (motrin)
- D. Demerol (meperidine HCl)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is given pre-operatively to decrease intra-operative anesthetic requirements and post-operative pain. It is a common analgesic that can help reduce the amount of intra-operative anesthesia needed and provide some pain relief during the surgery. Unlike drugs like Celebrex, Ibuprofen, and Demerol, Acetaminophen does not have anti-inflammatory properties, but it is effective in managing pain and can contribute to overall pain control before, during, and after surgery. This makes it a preferred choice for pre-operative medication in order to decrease the need for higher doses of anesthetics and reduce post-operative pain levels.
You may also like to solve these questions
The patient seems indecisive whether to breastfeed her baby or not. Which is the desired nursing action of Nurse Vera to help the pregnant patient make a decision on breastfeeding?
- A. Give pamphlets and books to read.
- B. Provide ample time for the patient to decide.
- C. Refer the patient to the nutrionist.
- D. Assist to identify breastfeeding goal and plan.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The desired nursing action to help the pregnant patient make a decision on breastfeeding is to assist in identifying a breastfeeding goal and plan. When patients are indecisive about breastfeeding, it is essential for the nurse to support them in setting specific goals and creating a plan that aligns with their values and circumstances. This approach can help the patient feel empowered and confident in their decision-making process. Providing pamphlets and books (choice A) may be helpful, but personalized assistance in identifying a breastfeeding goal and plan is more likely to address the patient's individual needs and concerns. Providing ample time for the patient to decide (choice B) is important, but guidance and support in setting a clear goal can facilitate the decision-making process. Referring the patient to a nutritionist (choice C) may be beneficial for dietary concerns but may not directly address the decision-making process regarding breastfeeding.
When preparing the patient for suctioning, what is the FIRST step?
- A. Perform hand hygiene
- B. Gather equipment
- C. Assess lung sounds, heart rate and rhythm
- D. Check physician's order and patient care plan
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Before any procedure, it is crucial to ensure that you have the proper authorization and guidelines in place. By checking the physician's order and the patient care plan, you confirm that suctioning is indeed needed and that you follow the specific instructions for that patient. This step helps ensure patient safety and effective care delivery. Once you have verified this information, you can proceed with gathering equipment, performing hand hygiene, and assessing the patient's condition as necessary.
Which of the following interventions is appropriate for managing a conscious patient with a severe nosebleed (epistaxis)?
- A. Tilting the head back.
- B. Pinching the soft part of the nose.
- C. Packing the nose with cotton gauze.
- D. Applying direct pressure to the forehead.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When managing a conscious patient with a severe nosebleed (epistaxis), the appropriate intervention is to have the patient sit upright and lean slightly forward to prevent blood from flowing into the throat and causing choking or swallowing. Pinching the soft part of the nose just below the bony part can help apply pressure to the bleeding vessel and stop the bleeding. This maneuver also helps compress the blood vessels in the nose, promoting clot formation and stopping the bleeding. It is important not to tilt the head back as this can cause blood to flow into the throat and potentially lead to swallowing, choking, or aspiration. Packing the nose with cotton gauze should be done by medical professionals if the bleeding does not stop with direct pressure. Applying direct pressure to the forehead is not effective for managing nosebleeds; pressure should be applied to the nostrils instead.
A postpartum client exhibits signs of anxiety, restlessness, and palpitations. Which nursing intervention should be prioritized?
- A. Providing education on relaxation techniques
- B. Encouraging the client to practice deep breathing exercises
- C. Notifying the healthcare provider immediately
- D. Administering a benzodiazepine for anxiety relief
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In a postpartum client exhibiting signs of anxiety, restlessness, and palpitations, it is essential to prioritize notifying the healthcare provider immediately. These symptoms could indicate a serious condition such as postpartum preeclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, or postpartum cardiomyopathy, which require urgent medical attention. It is crucial to rule out any life-threatening conditions and ensure the client receives appropriate treatment promptly. While relaxation techniques and deep breathing exercises can be helpful for anxiety management in some cases, in this situation, the priority is to ensure the client's safety and well-being by seeking medical evaluation and intervention. Administering a benzodiazepine without consulting the healthcare provider first could potentially mask symptoms or interact with other medications the client may be taking, making it unsafe to proceed without professional guidance.
A patient is exposed to the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and develops immunity against future infections. Which type of immunity is primarily responsible for this protection?
- A. Passive immunity
- B. Innate immunity
- C. Humoral immunity
- D. Cell-mediated immunity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Humoral immunity is primarily responsible for protecting against infections by pathogens like viruses. In the case of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), the individual is exposed to the virus and develops immunity, which is typically mediated by antibodies produced by B cells. These antibodies circulate in the blood and can neutralize the virus, preventing future infections. This type of immunity is known as humoral immunity, as it involves the production of antibodies that target specific antigens, such as those present on the surface of the hepatitis B virus. In contrast, passive immunity is when antibodies are transferred from an external source, innate immunity provides immediate, non-specific defenses against pathogens, and cell-mediated immunity involves the activation of T cells to combat intracellular pathogens.