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There is a narrow margin between first appearance of adverse reaction to AChE inhibitors and serious toxic effects. Adverse reactions that require immediate action include:
- A. Dizziness and headache
- B. Nausea
- C. Decreased salivation
- D. Fasciculations of voluntary muscles
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fasciculations indicate potential cholinergic crisis, requiring urgent intervention.
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A home care nurse visits a client recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who is taking Humulin NPH insulin daily. The client asks the nurse how to store the unopened vials of insulin. The nurse tells the client to:
- A. Freeze the insulin.
- B. Refrigerate the insulin.
- C. Store the insulin in a dark, dry place.
- D. Keep the insulin at room temperature.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin in unopened vials should be stored under refrigeration until needed. Vials should not be frozen. When stored unopened under refrigeration, insulin can be used up to the expiration date on the vial. Options 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect.
The nurse applies the nursing process in medication therapy to ensure what?
- A. That medications are given at the right time
- B. That care is efficient and effective
- C. That the right dose of the drug is given to the patient
- D. That the right drug is given to the right patient at the right time
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nursing process ensures efficient, effective care, encompassing all aspects of safe administration.
Which of the following names may be assigned to a drug during the process of development? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Chemical name
- B. Official name
- C. Pharmacologic name
- D. Trade name
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Throughout the process of development, drugs may have several names assigned to them including a chemical name, a generic (nonproprietary) name, an official name, and a trade or brand name.
When the costs of a specific treatment or intervention are calculated and then compared with the dollar value of the benefit received it is referred to as:
- A. Cost-minimization analysis
- B. Cost-of-illness analysis
- C. Cost-effectiveness analysis
- D. Cost-benefit analysis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cost-benefit analysis quantifies both costs and benefits in monetary terms.
In which of the following patients would a nurse expect to see an alteration in drug metabolism?
- A. A 35-year-old female with cervical cancer
- B. A 41-year-old male with kidney stones
- C. A 50-year-old male with cirrhosis of the liver
- D. A 62-year-old female in acute renal failure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The liver is the most important site of drug metabolism. If the liver is not functioning effectively, as in patients with cirrhosis, drugs will not be metabolized normally and toxic levels could develop. In cirrhosis patients the drug dosage will need to be altered to ensure normal levels in the body.