Nokea
There is strong evidence to support that adequate vitamin C intake prevents:
- A. The common cold
- B. Breast cancer
- C. Scurvy
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Adequate vitamin C prevents scurvy, a deficiency disease, but does not prevent colds or cancer.
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Immunomodulators such as azathioprine may cause a delayed adverse drug reaction known as a type D reaction because they are known:
- A. Teratogens
- B. Carcinogens
- C. To cause hypersensitivity reactions
- D. Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis suppressants
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Azathioprine's Type D (delayed) ADRs, like cancer risk , emerge long-term, unlike teratogenicity , hypersensitivity , or HPA suppression .
Salicylic acid is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of psoriasis. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which of the following would indicate the presence of systemic toxicity from this medication?
- A. Tinnitus
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Constipation
- D. Decreased respirations
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Salicylic acid is absorbed readily through the skin, and systemic toxicity (salicylism) can result. Symptoms include tinnitus, dizziness, hyperpnea, and psychological disturbances. Constipation and diarrhea are not associated with salicylism.
When a primary health care provider phones in a medication order for a client, the nurse should do which of the following? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Write down the order.
- B. Record the order as soon as the MAR is retrieved.
- C. Repeat back the information exactly as written.
- D. Clarify any unclear information.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If a verbal order is given over the telephone, the nurse writes down the order immediately, repeats back the information exactly as written, and then asks for a verbal confirmation that it is correct. Any order that is unclear should be questioned and clarified.
In the presence of naloxone, a higher concentration of morphine is required to elicit full pain relief. Naloxone by it self has no effect. Which of the following is correct regarding these medications?
- A. Naloxone is a competitive antagonist
- B. Morphine is a full agonist, and naloxone is a partial agonist
- C. Morphine is less efficacious than is naloxone
- D. Morphine is less potent than is naloxone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Naloxone shifts morphine's dose-response curve rightward (increased EC50), typical of competitive antagonism, with no intrinsic effect.
Treatment goals in prescribing should:
- A. Always be curative
- B. Be patient-centered
- C. Be convenient for the provider
- D. Focus on the cost of therapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Patient-centered goals prioritize individual needs and outcomes, not just cure , provider convenience , or cost alone .