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This is a type of therapy that involves removing fluid from the lungs, typically through the use of diuretics.
- A. Diuretic therapy
- B. Oxygen therapy
- C. Inhaler therapy
- D. Antihistamine therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diuretic therapy. This is because diuretics are medications used to remove excess fluid from the body, including the lungs. By increasing urine output, diuretics help reduce fluid buildup in the lungs, making it easier to breathe. Oxygen therapy (B) delivers oxygen to the lungs but does not involve removing fluid. Inhaler therapy (C) is used for respiratory conditions like asthma but does not remove fluid from the lungs. Antihistamine therapy (D) is used to treat allergies and does not address fluid buildup in the lungs. Thus, diuretic therapy is the most appropriate choice for removing fluid from the lungs.
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The healthcare provider is administering IV nitroglycerin to a patient for chest pain. What is the most critical parameter to monitor?
- A. Heart rate
- B. Blood pressure
- C. Oxygen saturation
- D. Respiratory rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Blood pressure. When administering IV nitroglycerin for chest pain, monitoring blood pressure is critical due to its vasodilatory effect, which can cause hypotension. Monitoring blood pressure helps prevent potential adverse effects like hypotension-related symptoms or complications. Heart rate, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate are also important parameters to monitor, but blood pressure takes precedence in this scenario due to the potential for significant hemodynamic changes.
What is a chronic condition where the airways in the lungs become damaged and widened, leading to mucus buildup and frequent infections?
- A. Bronchiectasis
- B. Chronic bronchitis
- C. Pneumoconiosis
- D. Asthma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bronchiectasis. This condition involves permanent widening and damage to the airways, leading to mucus accumulation and recurrent infections. Chronic bronchitis (B) primarily involves inflammation of the bronchial tubes without permanent widening. Pneumoconiosis (C) is a group of lung diseases caused by inhaling mineral dust, not directly related to airway damage. Asthma (D) is characterized by reversible airway constriction and inflammation, not permanent widening like in bronchiectasis.
This is a procedure where a small mesh tube is inserted into an artery to keep it open and improve blood flow.
- A. Stent placement
- B. Angioplasty
- C. Bypass surgery
- D. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stent placement. Stent placement involves inserting a mesh tube into an artery to keep it open and improve blood flow. This procedure is minimally invasive compared to bypass surgery (C) and CABG (D), which involve rerouting blood flow. Angioplasty (B) is related but specifically refers to widening the artery using a balloon catheter, not inserting a mesh tube like in stent placement. Therefore, A is the best choice for the given procedure.
You have just received change-of-shift report about these patients on the coronary step down unit. Which one will you assess first?
- A. A 26-year-old with heart failure caused by congenital mitral stenosis who is scheduled for balloon valvuloplasty later today.
- B. A 45-year-old with constrictive cardiomyopathy who developed acute dyspnea and agitation about 1 hour before the shift change.
- C. A 56-year-old who had a coronary angioplasty and stent placement yesterday and has complained of occasional chest pain since the procedure.
- D. A 77-year-old who transferred from intensive care 2 days ago after coronary artery bypass grafting and has a temperature of 100.6°F.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute dyspnea and agitation suggest worsening heart failure or another urgent condition.
One of the most serious complications of myocardial infarction that Mrs. Payer could develop is
- A. constipation
- B. dehydration
- C. elevated blood pressure
- D. ventricular tachycardia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ventricular tachycardia poses significant risk for hemodynamic instability.