Nokea
This is Not an Endocrine Gland
- A. Adrenal
- B. Pituitary
- C. Lacrimal
- D. Thyroid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lacrimal gland. The lacrimal gland is not an endocrine gland because it does not secrete hormones into the bloodstream. It produces tears to lubricate and cleanse the eyes. Adrenal, Pituitary, and Thyroid glands are endocrine glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various functions in the body. Adrenal glands produce cortisol and adrenaline, Pituitary gland regulates other endocrine glands, and Thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones. Therefore, Lacrimal gland is the correct answer as it does not secrete hormones into the bloodstream like the other choices.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which gland is responsible for the production of adrenaline?
- A. Adrenal
- B. Parathyroid
- C. Gonadal
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adrenal. The adrenal gland is responsible for producing adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, which is a hormone released in response to stress or danger. Adrenaline helps the body prepare for fight or flight responses by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and boosting energy. The other choices, Parathyroid, Gonadal, and Pancreas, are not responsible for producing adrenaline. Parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels, gonadal glands produce sex hormones, and the pancreas produces insulin and digestive enzymes. Therefore, the adrenal gland is the correct answer for the production of adrenaline.
We want to prescribe scopolamine, as a transdermal drug delivery system (skin patch), for a patient who will be leaving for an expensive cruise and is very susceptible to motion sickness. For which of the following co-morbidities is scopolamine contraindicated?
- A. Angle-closure (narrow-angle) glaucoma
- B. Bradycardia
- C. History of shellfish allergies
- D. Resting blood pressure of 112/70
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Angle-closure (narrow-angle) glaucoma. Scopolamine, an anticholinergic medication, can worsen angle-closure glaucoma by causing pupil dilation leading to increased intraocular pressure. This can result in a sudden and severe increase in eye pressure, leading to potential vision loss. Therefore, it is contraindicated in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma.
B: Bradycardia is not a contraindication for scopolamine use as it may actually help in treating motion sickness.
C: History of shellfish allergies is not a contraindication for scopolamine as the medication is not derived from shellfish and is safe for patients with this allergy.
D: Resting blood pressure of 112/70 is not a contraindication for scopolamine use as it falls within the normal range and should not pose any significant risk.
Steatorrhoea occurs with all of the following EXCEPT:
- A. gastrinoma
- B. congenital defect in gastric lipase
- C. ileal disease with failure to reabsorb bile salts
- D. exocrine pancreatic disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: congenital defect in gastric lipase. Steatorrhoea is the presence of excess fat in the stool due to malabsorption. Gastrinoma (A), ileal disease (C), and exocrine pancreatic disease (D) can all lead to malabsorption of fats resulting in steatorrhoea. However, a congenital defect in gastric lipase does not directly affect fat absorption in the intestines, making it the exception in this scenario.
A 46-year-old woman has hirsutism, hyperglycemia, obesity, muscle wasting, and increased ACTH. The most likely cause of her symptoms is
- A. primary adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison disease)
- B. pheochromocytoma
- C. primary overproduction of ACTH (Cushing disease)
- D. treatment with exogenous glucocorticoids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: primary overproduction of ACTH (Cushing disease). In this case, the symptoms match those of Cushing syndrome, which is characterized by excess cortisol production. The increased ACTH levels are indicative of the pituitary gland overproducing ACTH, leading to excess cortisol. Choices A and B are incorrect as they do not match the symptoms presented. Choice D is incorrect because exogenous glucocorticoids would not lead to increased ACTH levels.
A calorie is:
- A. standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1L of water 1° from 15-16°C
- B. standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1gm of mercury 1° from 17-18°C
- C. the standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1gm of water 1° from 17-18°C
- D. the standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1gm of water 1° from 15-16°C
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: the standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1gm of water 1° from 15-16°C. This is because a calorie is defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. This definition aligns perfectly with choice D. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they involve raising the temperature of different substances (1L of water, 1gm of mercury, and 1gm of water) by 1 degree Celsius over different temperature ranges (15-16°C, 17-18°C), which do not match the standard definition of a calorie.