Nokea
Three major causes of atherosclerosis are:
- A. Hyperthyroidism, underweight, and poor appetite
- B. High blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, and cigarette smoking
- C. Constipation, peptic ulcer disease, and pancreatitis
- D. Kidney failure, edema, and sodium retention
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is primarily caused by high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, and cigarette smoking. These factors contribute to the buildup of plaque in the arteries. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Hyperthyroidism, underweight, and poor appetite do not directly cause atherosclerosis. Similarly, constipation, peptic ulcer disease, pancreatitis, kidney failure, edema, and sodium retention are not among the primary causes of atherosclerosis.
You may also like to solve these questions
What is the most crucial and most difficult management skill required of the M6 practical nurse?
- A. Preparing time schedules and task assignment rosters
- B. Inspecting equipment for damage and proper function
- C. Preparing reports and maintaining records
- D. Effectively managing personnel
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Effectively managing personnel. In a healthcare setting, managing personnel is crucial as it involves leading, motivating, and coordinating the healthcare team to ensure quality patient care. While tasks like preparing schedules, inspecting equipment, and maintaining records are important, managing personnel involves dealing with human factors, conflicts, and emotions, making it the most challenging skill for a practical nurse.
A 31-year-old client is seeking contraceptive information. Before responding to the client's questions about contraceptives, the nurse obtains a health history. What factor in the client's history indicates to the nurse that oral contraceptives are contraindicated?
- A. More than 30 years of age
- B. Had two multiple pregnancies
- C. Smokes 1 pack of cigarettes a day
- D. Has a history of borderline hypertension
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Smoking, especially in clients over 30, increases the risk of thromboembolic events, making oral contraceptives contraindicated. Choice A (More than 30 years of age) is not a direct contraindication for oral contraceptives. Choice B (Had two multiple pregnancies) is not a factor that contraindicates the use of oral contraceptives. Choice D (Has a history of borderline hypertension) is not a specific contraindication for oral contraceptives unless it is severe or uncontrolled hypertension.
A patient with diabetes should be advised to avoid which type of carbohydrate?
- A. Simple carbohydrates
- B. Complex carbohydrates
- C. Fiber-rich carbohydrates
- D. All carbohydrates
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Simple carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates can cause rapid spikes in blood glucose levels, which can be problematic for patients with diabetes. These carbohydrates are quickly broken down and absorbed by the body, leading to sharp increases in blood sugar levels. In contrast, complex carbohydrates and fiber-rich carbohydrates are generally better choices for individuals with diabetes because they are digested more slowly, resulting in a more gradual rise in blood glucose levels. Choice B, complex carbohydrates, are a better option for diabetic patients compared to simple carbohydrates. Choice C, fiber-rich carbohydrates, can also be beneficial for individuals with diabetes as they help in regulating blood sugar levels. Choice D, all carbohydrates, is too broad of a statement as not all carbohydrates have the same impact on blood glucose levels.
Why may patients with hiatal hernia develop anemia?
- A. Iron absorption is reduced
- B. Gastritis may cause bleeding
- C. Iron stores turn over more quickly
- D. Patients have an aversion to foods that are good sources of iron
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gastritis may cause bleeding. In patients with hiatal hernia, gastritis can lead to gastrointestinal bleeding, resulting in anemia due to blood loss. Choice A is incorrect because hiatal hernia does not directly affect iron absorption. Choice C is incorrect as iron stores turning over more quickly is not a typical reason for anemia in hiatal hernia patients. Choice D is incorrect as an aversion to iron-rich foods does not directly cause anemia in this context.
What signs/symptoms would the nurse expect to find in the client diagnosed with an insulinoma?
- A. Nervousness, jitteriness, and diaphoresis
- B. Flushed skin, dry mouth, and tented skin turgor
- C. Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
- D. Hypertension, tachycardia, and feeling hot
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Nervousness, jitteriness, and diaphoresis.' Insulinomas cause hypoglycemia due to excessive insulin production, leading to symptoms such as nervousness (from the sympathetic response to hypoglycemia), jitteriness, and diaphoresis (sweating). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Flushed skin, dry mouth, and tented skin turgor (Choice B) are not typical signs of insulinoma. Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia (Choice C) are classic symptoms of diabetes mellitus, not insulinoma. Hypertension, tachycardia, and feeling hot (Choice D) are more indicative of hyperthyroidism or a hypermetabolic state, rather than an insulinoma presentation.