Nokea
Tick the group of antibiotics having an antimalarial effect:
- A. Aminoglycosides
- B. Tetracyclins
- C. Carbapenems
- D. Penicillins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Tetracyclins are known to have antimalarial properties by inhibiting protein synthesis in Plasmodium species.
Step 2: Aminoglycosides (choice A) primarily target bacteria, not parasites like malaria.
Step 3: Carbapenems (choice C) and Penicillins (choice D) are both beta-lactam antibiotics that have no significant antimalarial effects.
Summary: Tetracyclins are the correct choice as they directly target malaria parasites, while the other options do not possess antimalarial properties.
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Which statement represents the most appropriate instructions for a patient with a past suicide attempt who is prescribed amitriptyline (Elavil), 150 mg PO at bedtime?
- A. “You will need to pick up your 7-day supply of medication at the pharmacy each week.”
- B. “Your prescription will provide you with a 6-month supply to save you money and time.”
- C. “I’m going to strongly suggest that your spouse dispense this medication to you each evening.”
- D. “Stop by the clinic each evening for your medication so your emotional state of mind can be assessed.”
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because picking up a 7-day supply at the pharmacy each week ensures regular monitoring and compliance. This allows healthcare professionals to assess the patient's response to the medication and monitor for any potential side effects or worsening of symptoms. The other choices are incorrect because B does not address the need for regular monitoring, C may not be feasible for all patients and may compromise patient autonomy, and D is impractical and does not provide consistent access to medication.
Which of the following oral hypoglycaemic drugs stimulates both synthesis and release of insulin from beta islet cells:
- A. Glibenclamide
- B. Phenformin
- C. Buformine
- D. Metformin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Glibenclamide is a sulfonylurea drug that acts by closing ATP-sensitive potassium channels in beta islet cells, leading to calcium influx and insulin release. It stimulates both insulin synthesis and release. Phenformin, Buformine, and Metformin do not directly stimulate insulin release, making them incorrect choices.
The client has a heart rate of 70 and a P wave that comes early and is malformed. What is the likely cause of this?
- A. Normal sinus rhythm
- B. Premature atrial contractions
- C. Frequent PVCs
- D. Ventricular escape rhythm
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Early, malformed P waves indicate premature atrial contractions (PACs), ectopic atrial beats.
The client has developed neutropenia from a medication. What medication might this be?
- A. Metoprolol
- B. Captopril
- C. Lisinopril
- D. Guanfecine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Captopril, an ACE inhibitor, is associated with rare neutropenia, unlike the other listed drugs.
A 74-year-old man presents to the emergency department complaining of chest pain that has increased in frequency, duration, and intensity. He also has shortness of breath. He is given nitroglycerin in the emergency department and still has chest pain. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Classic angina
- B. Gastroesophageal reflux
- C. Prinzmetal angina
- D. Unstable angina
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Unstable angina presents with worsening chest pain unresponsive to nitroglycerin, unlike stable (classic) or Prinzmetal angina, indicating acute coronary syndrome.