Nokea
Tick the unwanted effects of intravenous acyclovir infusion:
- A. Renal insufficiency tremors delerium
- B. Rash diarrhea nausea
- C. Neuropathy abdominal pain
- D. Anemia neutropenia nausea insomnia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because intravenous acyclovir can cause renal insufficiency due to its nephrotoxic effects. Tremors and delirium are not typically associated with acyclovir.
Choice B includes common side effects like rash, diarrhea, and nausea that are not considered unwanted effects.
Choice C includes neuropathy and abdominal pain, which are not common unwanted effects of acyclovir infusion.
Choice D includes anemia, neutropenia, nausea, and insomnia, which are not typically associated with acyclovir infusion.
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These drugs may be used in the treatment of recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis:
- A. Osmotic diuretics
- B. Loop diuretics
- C. Thiazide diuretics
- D. Potassium-sparing diuretics
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Thiazide diuretics are used in the treatment of recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis by reducing urinary calcium excretion. They work by increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, lowering calcium levels in urine, and decreasing the formation of kidney stones. Osmotic diuretics (A) increase urine output but do not specifically target calcium excretion. Loop diuretics (B) inhibit sodium reabsorption but can increase urinary calcium excretion and are not ideal for treating calcium nephrolithiasis. Potassium-sparing diuretics (D) primarily affect potassium and sodium levels and do not directly impact calcium excretion.
A client diagnosed with bipolar disorder: depressive episode intentionally overdoses on sertraline (Zoloft). Family members report that the client has experienced anorexia, insomnia, and recent job loss. Which nursing diagnosis should a nurse prioritize?
- A. Risk for suicide R/T hopelessness
- B. Anxiety: severe R/T hyperactivity
- C. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements R/T refusal to eat
- D. Dysfunctional grieving R/T loss of employment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Risk for suicide R/T hopelessness. In this scenario, the client's intentional overdose, along with symptoms of depression, anorexia, insomnia, and recent job loss, indicate a high risk for suicide. The priority nursing diagnosis should address the immediate safety concern of suicide risk. Other choices are incorrect because anxiety is not the primary issue, imbalanced nutrition does not take precedence over suicidal risk, and dysfunctional grieving is not the most critical concern in this situation.
The choice of benzodiazepines for anxiety is based on:
- A. A relatively high therapeutic index
- B. Availability of flumazenil for treatment of overdose
- C. A low risk of physiologic dependence
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because benzodiazepines have a high therapeutic index, allowing for a wide margin of safety in dosing. Flumazenil can be used to reverse benzodiazepine overdose. Physiologic dependence can develop with long-term benzodiazepine use, indicating a potential for addiction. Therefore, all of the above factors play a role in the choice of benzodiazepines for anxiety. Choices A, B, and C individually do not encompass all the important considerations for prescribing benzodiazepines.
A 78-year-old man with dyspnea is brought to the emergency department for evaluation. Physical examination reveals jugular venous distension and bilateral rales in both lung fields. Chest X-ray reveals pulmonary congestion consistent with fluid overload. What is the best treatment for this patient?
- A. Acetazolamide
- B. Chlorthalidone
- C. Furosemide
- D. Hydrochlorothiazide
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, is the best initial treatment for acute pulmonary edema due to its rapid and potent diuresis.
An adverse effect of oral iron therapy is:
- A. Anemia
- B. Thrombocytopenia
- C. Headache
- D. Constipation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale for why the correct answer is D (Constipation):
1. Iron supplements commonly cause constipation due to their effect on the gastrointestinal tract.
2. Iron slows down bowel movements and can lead to difficulty passing stool.
3. Constipation is a recognized adverse effect of oral iron therapy in medical literature.
4. Other choices are not directly related to iron therapy - anemia is treated with iron, thrombocytopenia is a low platelet count, and headache is not a common side effect of iron supplements.