To begin developing a position about civil rights for an oral debate, which of the following would be the best source?
- A. A blog created by a proponent of civil rights
- B. An interview with someone who took part in a civil rights march
- C. A history textbook detailing civil rights
- D. A speech by a famous civil rights leader
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A history textbook detailing civil rights would be the best source to begin developing a position for an oral debate. History textbooks provide a comprehensive and objective overview of events, movements, and perspectives related to civil rights. This makes them a reliable and well-rounded source for gathering information and forming a strong position.
Choice A, a blog created by a proponent of civil rights, may offer valuable insights but could be biased or lack the depth and breadth of information provided in a history textbook. Choice B, an interview with someone who took part in a civil rights march, provides a personal perspective which can be valuable but might not cover all aspects or historical contexts of civil rights. Choice D, a speech by a famous civil rights leader, offers inspirational content but may not provide the comprehensive background and multiple viewpoints necessary for a well-rounded position in a debate.
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In 1603, Queen Elizabeth I of England died. She had never married and had no heir, so
the throne passed to a distant relative: James Stuart, the son of Elizabeth's cousin and onetime rival for the throne, Mary, Queen of Scots. James was crowned King James I of England.
At the time, he was also King James VI of Scotland, and the combination of roles would
create a spirit of conflict that haunted the two nations for generations to come.
The conflict developed as a result of rising tensions among the people within the
nations, as well as between them. Scholars in the 21st century are far too hasty in dismissing
the role of religion in political disputes, but religion undoubtedly played a role in the
problems that faced England and Scotland. By the time of James Stuart's succession to the
English throne, the English people had firmly embraced the teachings of Protestant
theology. Similarly, the Scottish Lowlands was decisively Protestant. In the Scottish
Highlands, however, the clans retained their Catholic faith. James acknowledged the Church
of England and still sanctioned the largely Protestant translation of the Bible that still bears
his name.
James's son King Charles I proved himself to be less committed to the Protestant Church
of England. Charles married the Catholic Princess Henrietta Maria of France, and there were
suspicions among the English and the Lowland Scots that Charles was quietly a Catholic.
Charles's own political troubles extended beyond religion in this case, and he was beheaded
in 1649. Eventually, his son King Charles II would be crowned, and this Charles is believed
to have converted secretly to the Catholic Church. Charles II died without a legitimate heir,
and his brother James ascended to the throne as King James II.James was recognized to be a practicing Catholic, and his commitment to Catholicism
would prove to be his downfall. James's wife Mary Beatrice lost a number of children during
their infancy, and when she became pregnant again in 1687 the public became concerned. If
James had a son, that son would undoubtedly be raised a Catholic, and the English people
would not stand for this. Mary gave birth to a son, but the story quickly circulated that the
royal child had died and the child named James's heir was a foundling smuggled in. James,
his wife, and his infant son were forced to flee; and James's Protestant daughter Mary was
crowned the queen.
In spite of a strong resemblance to the king, the young James II was generally rejected
among the English and the Lowland Scots, who referred to him as “the Pretender.†But in
the Highlands the Catholic princeling was welcomed. He inspired a group known as
Jacobites, to reflect the Latin version of his name. His own son Charles, known affectionately
as Bonnie Prince Charlie, would eventually raise an army and attempt to recapture what he
believed to be his throne. The movement was soundly defeated at the Battle of Culloden in
1746, and England and Scotland have remained ostensibly Protestant ever since
What was the author's intent in the passage?
- A. To persuade
- B. To entertain
- C. To express feeling
- D. To inform
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The author's primary intent in the passage is to inform the reader about historical events related to the succession of monarchs in England and Scotland. The passage presents factual information about the reigns of King James I, King Charles I, King Charles II, King James II, and the attempted recapture of the throne by Bonnie Prince Charlie. It details how religious differences and political conflicts shaped the history of England and Scotland. The other choices are incorrect because the author's focus is on providing historical facts rather than persuading, entertaining, or expressing personal feelings.
Based on the scenario provided, which of the following inferences can be validly made?
- A. This director consistently produces unsuccessful movies.
- B. Movie reviews have no impact on the success of a film.
- C. The movie reviewers' assessments of the first movie were correct.
- D. The director's next movie will receive positive reviews.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Choice C is the correct answer because the scenario indicates that the negative reviews of the first movie were accurate, as the subsequent poor performance of the movie aligns with the critics' assessments. Choices A and D are incorrect as the scenario only provides information about the first movie and its repercussions, not about the director's consistent performance or the future reception of their movies. Choice B is incorrect because the scenario clearly demonstrates that negative reviews had a significant impact on the movie's performance, contradicting the idea that movie reviews have no influence.
The area known as the Bermuda Triangle has become such a part of popular culture that it can be difficult to separate fact from fiction. The interest first began when five Navy planes vanished in 1945, officially attributed to 'causes or reasons unknown.' The explanations about other accidents in the Triangle range from the scientific to the supernatural. Researchers have never been able to find anything truly mysterious about what happens in the Bermuda Triangle, if there even is a Bermuda Triangle. What is more, one of the biggest challenges in considering the phenomenon is deciding how much area actually represents the Bermuda Triangle. Most consider the Triangle to stretch from Miami out to Puerto Rico and to include the island of Bermuda. Others expand the area to include all of the Caribbean islands and to extend eastward as far as the Azores, which are closer to Europe than they are to North America. The problem with having a larger Bermuda Triangle is that it increases the odds of accidents. There is near-constant travel, by ship and by plane, across the Atlantic, and accidents are expected to occur. In fact, the Bermuda Triangle happens to fall within one of the busiest navigational regions in the world, and the reality of greater activity creates the possibility for more to go wrong. Shipping records suggest that there is not a greater than average loss of vessels within the Bermuda Triangle, and many researchers have argued that the reputation of the Triangle makes any accident seem out of the ordinary. In fact, most accidents fall within the expected margin of error. The increase in ships from East Asia no doubt contributes to an increase in accidents. And as for the story of the Navy planes that disappeared within the Triangle, many researchers now conclude that it was the result of mistakes on the part of the pilots who flew into storm clouds, likely became discomposed, and then simply got lost.
The area known as the Bermuda Triangle has become such a part of popular culture that it can be difficult to separate fact from fiction. Which of the following describes this type of writing?
- A. Narrative
- B. Persuasive
- C. Expository
- D. Technical
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Expository writing is used to explain or inform, as seen in the factual account of the Bermuda Triangle. The passage provides information to explain the phenomenon of the Bermuda Triangle, presenting facts and details without attempting to persuade or tell a story (narrative) or focusing on technical details. While the Bermuda Triangle has inspired many stories and theories, the passage aims to inform rather than persuade or delve into technical aspects.
Lisa Grant: 'Schools should make students wear uniforms. Everyone would look the same. Students would be able to respect each other based on their ideas and character because they would no longer be judged by their appearance.'
Vivian Harris: 'Students should not have to wear uniforms. Clothing is an important part of self-expression. Taking away that method of expression is suppressing that student's rights.'
Which of the following statements could NOT provide support for BOTH arguments?
- A. A number of local school districts have recently implemented dress codes.
- B. School administrators have been in talks with parents over the issue of uniforms.
- C. Students have reported that school uniforms are costly and typically ill-fitting.
- D. Several groups of students have been organized to discuss uniform dress codes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the statement about the cost and fit of uniforms could only support the argument against uniforms, not both arguments. It aligns more with Vivian Harris's stance against uniforms, emphasizing the importance of clothing as a form of self-expression. Choices A, B, and D are more neutral statements that could provide support for both arguments by indicating actions being taken or discussions being held regarding uniforms without leaning towards a specific stance.
In the United States, the foreign language requirement for high school graduation is
decided at the state level. This means the requirement varies, with some states deciding to
forego a foreign language requirement altogether (www.ncssfl.org). It is necessary that these states reconsider their position and amend their requirements to reflect compulsory
completion of a course of one or more foreign languages. Studying a foreign language has
become increasingly important for the global economy. As technology continues to make
international business relations increasingly easy, people need to keep up by increasing
their communication capabilities. High school graduates with foreign language credits have
been shown to have an increased college acceptance rate. In addition, students who have
mastered more than one language typically find themselves in greater demand when they
reach the job market. Students who did not study a foreign language often find themselves
unable to obtain a job at all.
Which of the following statements represents an exaggerated claim in support of the argument presented in this passage?
- A. In the United States, the foreign language requirement for high school graduation varies depending on the state.
- B. Studying a foreign language is crucial for success in the global economy.
- C. High school graduates with foreign language credits have a higher college acceptance rate.
- D. Students who did not study a foreign language are completely unable to secure any job.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it is an exaggerated claim to state that students who did not study a foreign language are completely unable to secure any job. While proficiency in a foreign language may enhance job prospects, it is unrealistic to suggest that not studying one would render someone unemployable. Choice A provides a factual statement about the variation in foreign language requirements, so it cannot be considered an exaggeration. Choices B and C highlight the increasing importance of foreign language skills and the benefits of having them, which are supported by trends and studies. These choices may be debatable, but they are not exaggerated claims.
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