Nokea
To combat the most common adverse effects of chemotherapy, the nurse would administer an:
- A. Antiemetic
- B. Antibiotic
- C. Antimetabolite
- D. Anticoagulant
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Antiemetic. Chemotherapy commonly causes nausea and vomiting as adverse effects. Antiemetics are medications specifically designed to prevent or alleviate nausea and vomiting. Administering an antiemetic helps manage these side effects and improve the patient's quality of life during chemotherapy. Antibiotics (B) are used to treat bacterial infections, not chemotherapy side effects. Antimetabolites (C) are a type of chemotherapy drug, not used to combat its side effects. Anticoagulants (D) are used to prevent blood clots and are not indicated for managing chemotherapy side effects like nausea and vomiting.
You may also like to solve these questions
The most effective pharmacologic agent for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease is:
- A. Levodopa
- B. Selegilene
- C. Permax
- D. Symmetrel
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Levodopa. Levodopa is the most effective pharmacologic agent for treating Parkinson's disease because it is converted to dopamine in the brain, replenishing the deficient dopamine levels in Parkinson's patients. Selegiline and Symmetrel are also used in treating Parkinson's, but they are typically used as adjunctive therapy rather than the primary treatment. Permax has been withdrawn from the market due to safety concerns, making it an incorrect choice.
During chemotherapy for lymphocytic leukemia, a client develops abdominal pain, fever, and “horse barn” smelling diarrhea. It would be most important for the nurse to advise the physician to order:
- A. Enzyme-linked immunosuppressant assay
- B. Stool for Clostridium difficile test
- C. Flat palate X-ray of the abdomen
- D. Electrolyte panel and hemogram
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stool for Clostridium difficile test. In this scenario, the client is experiencing symptoms suggestive of a possible Clostridium difficile infection, a common complication of chemotherapy. The test is crucial to confirm the presence of C. difficile toxins in the stool, which would guide appropriate treatment with antibiotics such as metronidazole or vancomycin.
A: Enzyme-linked immunosuppressant assay is not relevant in this context as it is used to measure levels of immunosuppressant drugs, not for diagnosing C. difficile infection.
C: Flat palate X-ray of the abdomen is unnecessary and would not provide information about the cause of the symptoms.
D: Electrolyte panel and hemogram are important for monitoring overall health status but do not directly address the specific issue of possible C. difficile infection.
The nurse is teaching the client about risk factors for diabetes mellitus. Which of the following risk factors for diabetes mellitus is nonmodifiable?
- A. Poor control of blood glucose levels
- B. Current of recent foot trauma
- C. Inappropriate foot care
- D. Advanced age
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Define nonmodifiable risk factors - these are factors that cannot be changed or controlled by the individual.
Step 2: Advanced age is a nonmodifiable risk factor as it is determined by genetics and time.
Step 3: Poor control of blood glucose levels, foot trauma, and inappropriate foot care are modifiable risk factors that can be managed through lifestyle changes or medical interventions.
Summary: Choice D is correct because advanced age is a nonmodifiable risk factor for diabetes mellitus, while the other choices involve factors that can be modified through appropriate actions.
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is ordered for an adult client. Which nutrient is not likely to be in the solution?
- A. dextrose
- B. electrolytes
- C. trace minerals
- D. amino acids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: trace minerals. TPN solutions typically include dextrose for energy, electrolytes for maintaining fluid balance, and amino acids for protein synthesis. Trace minerals are not typically included in TPN solutions as they are only required in small amounts and can be toxic in excess. Therefore, it is not likely to be in the solution. The other choices (A, B, D) are essential components of TPN solutions necessary for meeting the nutritional needs of the patient.
What are the nursing interventions for a client with thalassemia?
- A. Maintain the client on bed rest and protect him or her from infections
- B. Ambulate the client frequently
- C. Advise drinking 3 quarts (L) of fluid per day
- D. Instruct the client to elevate the lower extremities as much as possible
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that can cause anemia and fatigue. By maintaining the client on bed rest and protecting them from infections, we can help prevent complications such as fatigue and infections due to reduced red blood cell production. Ambulating the client frequently (choice B) may lead to increased fatigue and risk of injury. Advising to drink 3 quarts of fluid per day (choice C) is not specific to thalassemia treatment and could potentially worsen symptoms. Instructing the client to elevate lower extremities (choice D) is not directly related to managing thalassemia and may not provide significant benefits in this context.