Gastrointestinal Diseases NCLEX Review Questions

Gastrointestinal Diseases NCLEX Review Questions Related

Review Gastrointestinal Diseases NCLEX Review Questions related questions and content

To evaluate the effect of nutritional interventions for a patient with protein-calorie malnutrition, what is the best indicator for the nurse to use?

  • A. Height and weight
  • B. Weight in relation to ideal body weight
  • C. Body mass index (BMI)
  • D. Mid-upper arm circumference and triceps skinfold
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Mid-upper arm circumference and triceps skinfold are commonly used indicators to assess muscle and fat reserves in individuals with protein-calorie malnutrition. Mid-upper arm circumference reflects muscle mass, while triceps skinfold measures body fat. These indicators provide a comprehensive assessment of the patient's nutritional status, making them the best choice for evaluating the effectiveness of nutritional interventions.

A: Height and weight do not provide a specific assessment of muscle and fat reserves and may not accurately reflect changes in nutritional status.
B: Weight in relation to ideal body weight does not differentiate between muscle and fat mass, making it less specific for assessing protein-calorie malnutrition.
C: BMI is a general indicator of weight status and does not specifically measure muscle and fat reserves, making it less suitable for evaluating nutritional interventions in patients with protein-calorie malnutrition.

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After eating, a patient with an inflamed gallbladder experiences pain caused by contraction of the gallbladder. What is the mechanism responsible for this action?

  • A. Production of bile by the liver
  • B. Production of secretin by the duodenum
  • C. Release of gastrin from the stomach antrum
  • D. Production of cholecystokinin by the duodenum
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Production of cholecystokinin by the duodenum. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released by the duodenum in response to the presence of fatty acids and amino acids. It stimulates the gallbladder to contract, causing the release of bile into the small intestine to aid in digestion. This is directly related to the patient's symptoms of gallbladder pain after eating, as the contraction of the gallbladder is triggered by CCK.

A: Production of bile by the liver is not the mechanism responsible for the gallbladder contraction.
B: Production of secretin by the duodenum is involved in regulating the pH of the duodenum, not gallbladder contraction.
C: Release of gastrin from the stomach antrum is related to stomach acid secretion, not gallbladder contraction.

In summary, the correct answer, D, is directly related to the mechanism responsible for gallbladder pain after eating,

In human, the cardiac sphincter surrounds the cardiac orifice in the digestive tract. The failure of this sphincter's normal function will result in

  • A. regurgation of the food into the oesophagus
  • B. loss of control of defecation
  • C. movement of the bolus into the trachea rather than the oesophagus
  • D. rapid emptying from the stomach to the small intestine
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: regurgitation of the food into the oesophagus. The cardiac sphincter is located at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach. Its main function is to prevent the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus. If the cardiac sphincter fails to function properly, it can lead to regurgitation, where stomach contents flow back into the esophagus, causing discomfort and potential damage to the esophageal lining.

Summary:
B: Loss of control of defecation is not related to the cardiac sphincter, as it primarily functions in the upper digestive tract.
C: Movement of the bolus into the trachea is related to swallowing reflex and epiglottis function, not the cardiac sphincter.
D: Rapid emptying from the stomach to the small intestine is controlled by the pyloric sphincter, not the cardiac sphincter.

Which of these digestive processes occurs in the mouth?

  • A. chemical digestion of proteins
  • B. mechanical digestion of food
  • C. chemical digestion of starch
  • D. all of the above
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: chemical digestion of starch. In the mouth, salivary glands secrete enzymes like amylase to break down starch into simpler sugars. This process initiates the digestion of carbohydrates. Mechanical digestion (Choice B) occurs in the mouth through chewing and mixing food with saliva, but it does not involve chemical breakdown. Chemical digestion of proteins (Choice A) primarily occurs in the stomach and small intestine with the help of enzymes like pepsin and trypsin. Choice D is incorrect because not all the processes listed occur in the mouth.

The following statements are true about bile except:

  • A. 25% is produced by bile duct cells
  • B. The bile stored in the gall bladder contains secondary bile acids
  • C. Its secretion is increased by secretin
  • D. Bile pigments are needed for micelle formation
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because bile pigments are not needed for micelle formation. Micelles are formed by bile salts, which aid in the emulsification of fats. Choice A is incorrect as bile is primarily produced by the liver, not bile duct cells. Choice B is incorrect as primary bile acids are stored in the gall bladder, not secondary bile acids. Choice C is incorrect as secretin stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes, not bile secretion.

Metabolic rate is high in the following Except:

  • A. Pregnancy.
  • B. Sleep.
  • C. Male than female of the same body surface area.
  • D. Walking than resting state.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sleep. During sleep, the body's metabolic rate decreases as it enters a state of rest and recovery. Pregnancy (A) requires increased energy expenditure for fetal development. Males generally have higher metabolic rates than females (C) due to higher muscle mass. Walking (D) requires more energy than resting, leading to a higher metabolic rate. In summary, sleep is the exception as it lowers metabolic rate compared to the other activities listed.

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