Nokea
To prevent strain on Mr. Tucker's back muscles, which nursing action is INAPPROPRIATE?
- A. To place him on bed pan, logroll using a turning sheet
- B. When lying on his side, flex upper leg and place a pillow between his knees
- C. When lying on his back, place pillows under entire length of his knees
- D. To turn him on his side, gently turn his shoulders and upper trunk first, prop with a pillow, then turn his pelvis and lower limbs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Turning the pelvis and lower limbs last can strain back muscles.
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A patient with paraplegia has developed an irritable bladder with reflex emptying. What will be most helpful for the nurse to teach the patient?
- A. Hygiene care for an indwelling urinary catheter
- B. How to perform intermittent self-catheterization
- C. To empty the bladder with manual pelvic pressure in coordination with reflex voiding patterns
- D. That a urinary diversion, such as an ileal conduit, is the easiest way to handle urinary elimination
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Manual techniques align with reflex voiding patterns.
What does a positive Babinski sign in an adult suggest?
- A. Possible upper motor neuron dysfunction.
- B. Normal plantar reflex.
- C. Absence of neurological abnormalities.
- D. Normal function of lower motor neurons.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A positive Babinski sign in an adult indicates possible upper motor neuron dysfunction, such as a stroke or spinal cord injury. A normal plantar reflex involves toe flexion, not extension.
KL is a 34-year-old male admitted to the hospital (large trauma center) after suffering a traumatic brain injury (TBI) secondary to a serious motor vehicle accident. He was in excellent health prior to the accident. HT: 6'2" WT: 190 pounds (86 kg) What is the best means of determining KL's caloric needs while in the hospital?
- A. Mifflin-St Jeor equation
- B. Harris-Benedict equation
- C. WHO standards
- D. Indirect calorimetry
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Indirect calorimetry is the gold standard for determining caloric needs in critically ill patients, including those with traumatic brain injury (TBI). It measures oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production to provide an accurate assessment of energy expenditure.
In the 2000 film 'Memento' the lead character, Leonard is unable to form new memories as a result of an earlier head injury caused by an assailant. This is known as:
- A. Retrograde memory dysfunction
- B. Postevent memory dysfunction
- C. Anterograde memory dysfunction
- D. Antenatal memory dysfunction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anterograde memory dysfunction is characterized by the inability to form new memories after a traumatic event or injury, as depicted in the film 'Memento.' This condition is often linked to damage in the hippocampus or surrounding medial temporal lobe structures, which are essential for encoding and storing new information. Individuals with this dysfunction can recall past memories but struggle to create new ones, leading to significant challenges in daily functioning.
Which part of the brain produces the neurotransmitter dopamine?
- A. pons
- B. occipital lobe
- C. substantia nigra
- D. thalamus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The substantia nigra, located in the midbrain, is a key region for dopamine production. Dopamine is essential for regulating movement, and its loss in this area is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease.