Nokea
To prevent tissue hypertrophy or atrophy in an insulin-dependent diabetic, the nurse teaches the patient to
- A. use cold insulin
- B. rotate injection sites
- C. inject the insulin directly into the fat
- D. avoid contaminating the needle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rotating injection sites helps to prevent tissue damage and ensures better insulin absorption.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of hormone stimulus?
- A. hormonal stimulus
- B. humoral stimulus
- C. neural stimulus
- D. receptor-mediated stimulus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, receptor-mediated stimulus. Hormones can be stimulated by hormonal, humoral, or neural factors, but not directly by receptors. Hormonal stimulus involves other hormones triggering hormone release, humoral stimulus involves changing blood levels of ions or nutrients triggering hormone release, and neural stimulus involves direct nerve stimulation triggering hormone release. Receptor-mediated stimulus is not a recognized type of hormone stimulus because hormones do not directly respond to receptors in this context.
Lactogenic hormone:
- A. is also called oxytocin.
- B. is a gonadotropin.
- C. stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk.
- D. exerts its greatest effect on the gonads.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Lactogenic hormone stimulates mammary glands to produce milk, essential for lactation.
2. Oxytocin is a different hormone that causes milk ejection, not production.
3. Gonadotropins like FSH and LH affect gonads, not lactation.
4. Choice C directly relates to lactation, making it the correct answer.
Which row shows the correct order of reactivity for the elements?
- A. silver, calcium, carbon, potassium
- B. silver, carbon, calcium, potassium
- C. sodium, hydrogen, zinc, gold
- D. sodium, zinc, hydrogen, gold
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct order of reactivity for elements is based on their tendency to lose electrons. In this case, sodium is the most reactive as it readily loses an electron to form a stable ion. Zinc is less reactive compared to sodium but more reactive than hydrogen and gold. Hydrogen is less reactive than both zinc and sodium. Gold is the least reactive among the options given. Therefore, the correct order of reactivity is sodium > zinc > hydrogen > gold, which matches option D. Choices A, B, and C do not follow the correct order of reactivity for the elements listed, making them incorrect.
Which of the following is not a steroid-based hormone?
- A. estrogen
- B. aldosterone
- C. epinephrine
- D. cortisone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: epinephrine. Steroid-based hormones are derived from cholesterol and include estrogen, aldosterone, and cortisone. Epinephrine is a catecholamine hormone, not a steroid hormone. Catecholamines are derived from the amino acid tyrosine, not cholesterol like steroid hormones. Therefore, epinephrine does not belong to the category of steroid-based hormones.
The secretions from which of these glands differs between males and females?
- A. Adrenal
- B. Gonads
- C. Parathyroid
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gonads. Gonads are the primary reproductive organs, responsible for producing sex hormones and gametes. In males, the testes produce testosterone and sperm, while in females, the ovaries produce estrogen and eggs. Adrenal glands (A) produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which are not sex-specific. Parathyroid glands (C) regulate calcium levels in the body. Pancreas (D) produces insulin and digestive enzymes, unrelated to sex differences. Therefore, the secretion from gonads is the only one that differs between males and females due to their distinct reproductive functions.