Endocrine System Exam Questions

Endocrine System Exam Questions Related

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A nurse assesses a client who is prescribed a medication that stimulates beta1 receptors. Which assessment finding would indicate that the medication is effective?

  • A. Heart rate of 92 beats/min
  • B. Respiratory rate of 18 breaths/min
  • C. Oxygenation saturation of 92%
  • D. Blood pressure of 144/69 mm Hg
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Heart rate of 92 beats/min. Activation of beta1 receptors increases heart rate. Therefore, a heart rate of 92 beats/min indicates that the medication is effectively stimulating beta1 receptors. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly correlate with beta1 receptor stimulation. Choice B (Respiratory rate of 18 breaths/min) is influenced more by beta2 receptors. Choice C (Oxygenation saturation of 92%) is related to oxygen levels in the blood, not beta1 receptor stimulation. Choice D (Blood pressure of 144/69 mm Hg) is more affected by alpha receptor stimulation than beta1 receptor stimulation.

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Exemplify hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary.

  • A. anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin
  • B. ACTH and insulin
  • C. growth hormone and LH
  • D. thyroxine and cortisol
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: growth hormone and LH. The anterior pituitary gland secretes these hormones. Growth hormone regulates growth, metabolism, and body composition, while LH (luteinizing hormone) plays a role in reproductive function.

A: Anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin are produced by the posterior pituitary gland.
B: ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) is secreted by the anterior pituitary, but insulin is produced by the pancreas.
D: Thyroxine is released by the thyroid gland, and cortisol is produced by the adrenal glands, not the anterior pituitary.

Antidiuretic hormone _______________.

  • A. controls metabolic rate
  • B. controls the amount of urine one produces
  • C. increases blood sugar
  • D. controls reproduction
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: controls the amount of urine one produces. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) acts on the kidneys to regulate water reabsorption, thereby controlling the amount of urine produced. It does not control metabolic rate (A), increase blood sugar (C), or control reproduction (D). ADH's main function is to maintain water balance in the body by reducing urine output.

The element essential for normal thyroid function is:

  • A. Potassium
  • B. Sodium
  • C. Iodine
  • D. Calcium
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Iodine. Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. These hormones regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Potassium (A), Sodium (B), and Calcium (D) do not play a direct role in thyroid function. Potassium and Sodium are electrolytes important for nerve function and fluid balance, while Calcium is crucial for bone health and muscle function. Therefore, the correct answer is Iodine as it is specifically required for normal thyroid function.

To prevent tissue hypertrophy or atrophy in an insulin-dependent diabetic, the nurse teaches the patient to

  • A. use cold insulin
  • B. rotate injection sites
  • C. inject the insulin directly into the fat
  • D. avoid contaminating the needle
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rotating injection sites helps to prevent tissue damage and ensures better insulin absorption.

Insulin, a small (51-amino-acid) protein, is synthesized by the beta cells of the pancreas. This hormone is released ________.

  • A. in excessive amounts in obese people
  • B. in response to severe physical stress (i.e., a ten-mile run)
  • C. when the bodyʹs glucose level rises
  • D. when the bodyʹs glucose level drops
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because insulin is released when the body's glucose level rises. This is a key function of insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. When glucose levels increase after a meal, beta cells release insulin to help cells absorb and use glucose for energy. This process helps to maintain blood sugar within a healthy range.

Choice A is incorrect because insulin release is not necessarily excessive in obese people, but rather it can be impaired due to insulin resistance. Choice B is incorrect because insulin is typically released in response to high blood sugar levels, not physical stress. Choice D is incorrect because insulin is released when blood sugar levels drop too low, not rise.

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