Nokea
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Addison’s disease?
- A. Salt craving
- B. Weight gain
- C. Hypoglycemia
- D. Hyperpigmentation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Weight gain. Addison's disease is characterized by adrenal insufficiency, leading to symptoms such as salt craving, hypoglycemia, and hyperpigmentation due to increased melanin production. Weight loss, not weight gain, is commonly associated with Addison's disease due to decreased cortisol levels. Salt craving is due to sodium loss, hypoglycemia results from insufficient cortisol levels, and hyperpigmentation is caused by elevated ACTH levels stimulating melanin production. Weight gain is not a typical symptom, making it the correct answer.
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A patient is scheduled for a bilateral adrenalectomy. During the postoperative period, what should the nurse expect related to the administration of corticosteroids?
- A. Reduced to promote wound healing
- B. Withheld until symptoms of hypocortisolism appear
- C. Increased to promote an adequate response to the stress of surgery
- D. Reduced because excessive hormones are released during surgical manipulation of adrenal glands
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Corticosteroids are increased postoperatively after bilateral adrenalectomy to prevent adrenal insufficiency and support the body's response to surgical stress.
Target cells for hypothalamic releasing hormones are in the
- A. thyroid
- B. hypothalamus
- C. anterior pituitary
- D. posterior pituitary
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: anterior pituitary. Hypothalamic releasing hormones target cells in the anterior pituitary to stimulate the release of specific pituitary hormones. The hypothalamus produces releasing hormones that travel through the hypophyseal portal system and bind to receptors on cells in the anterior pituitary, triggering the release of hormones such as ACTH, TSH, LH, FSH, and GH. This interaction between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary forms the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, regulating various physiological processes. Choices A (thyroid) and D (posterior pituitary) are incorrect as they are not the primary targets of hypothalamic releasing hormones. Choice B (hypothalamus) is also incorrect as releasing hormones do not target cells within the hypothalamus itself, but rather the anterior pituitary.
Which patient's nursing care would be most appropriate for the charge nurse to assign to the LPN, under the supervision of the RN team leader?
- A. A 51-year-old patient with bilateral adrenalectomy just returned from the post-anesthesia care unit
- B. An 83-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- C. A 38-year-old patient with myocardial infarction who is preparing for discharge
- D. A 72-year-old patient admitted from long-term care with mental status changes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The care of a patient who just returned from surgery (bilateral adrenalectomy) is appropriate for an LPN under supervision, as it requires monitoring for complications and maintaining patient stability.
Which of the following are incorrectly paired?
- A. Gluconeogenesis : Cortisol
- B. Free fatty acid mobilization : Dehydroepiandrosterone
- C. Muscle glycogenolysis : Epinephrine
- D. Kaliuresis : Aldosterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because free fatty acid mobilization is primarily regulated by cortisol, not dehydroepiandrosterone. Cortisol promotes lipolysis and stimulates the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue. Dehydroepiandrosterone is a precursor hormone mainly involved in sex hormone production and has minimal effects on free fatty acid mobilization. Choices A, C, and D are correctly paired as gluconeogenesis is stimulated by cortisol, muscle glycogenolysis is regulated by epinephrine, and kaliuresis is induced by aldosterone.
Which of the following is not a steroid-based hormone?
- A. estrogen
- B. aldosterone
- C. epinephrine
- D. cortisone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: epinephrine. Steroid-based hormones are derived from cholesterol and include estrogen, aldosterone, and cortisone. Epinephrine is a catecholamine hormone, not a steroid hormone. Catecholamines are derived from the amino acid tyrosine, not cholesterol like steroid hormones. Therefore, epinephrine does not belong to the category of steroid-based hormones.