Nokea
To provide an example of an active acquired immunity, the nurse uses the example of a person who has acquired immunity from measles because that person has had which occurrence in their lifetime?
- A. chickenpox and mumps.
- B. measles.
- C. an extremely healthy immune system.
- D. an inoculation against measles.
- E. maternal antibodies against measles.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Active or acquired or adaptive immunity occurs from having had disease or having had an immunization against that specific disease.
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A transfusion using blood from one?s own blood is a(n) ___ transfusion, which is the best defense against a transfusion reaction.
Correct Answer: autologous
Rationale: An autologous transfusion uses blood from one?s own body.
Which substance is released by the T cells that stimulates the lymphocytes to attack an inflammation?
- A. Lymphokine
- B. Epinephrine
- C. B cells
- D. Histamine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lymphokines help attract macrophages to the site of the inflammation.
The nurse arrives at the bedside of a patient who has had a unit of packed cells infusing in his right arm for 35 minutes. He is complaining of chills, itching, and shortness of breath. What will be the nurse's initial action?
- A. Cover with a warm blanket.
- B. Take the patient's temperature.
- C. Elevate the head of the bed.
- D. Stop the transfusion and continue with saline.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Moderate reactions, resulting in fever, chills, urticaria, and wheezing, occur after the first 30 minutes of administration. In the event of a moderate reaction, stop the transfusion, continue with saline, and notify the health care provider. Elevation of the head, taking vital signs, and covering with a warm blanket are not wrong, but are not of primary importance.
Which line of defense provides the body with innate immunity?
- A. Skin and mucous membranes
- B. Lungs
- C. Heart
- D. Tears and saliva
- E. Natural intestinal and vaginal flora
- F. Stomach acid
Correct Answer: A,D,E,F
Rationale: The innate immune system is composed of the skin and mucous membranes, cilia, stomach acid, tears, saliva, sebaceous glands, and secretions and flora of the intestine and vagina. These organs, tissues, and secretions provide biochemical and physical barriers to disease.
Which situation is an example of immunocompetence?
- A. A child that is immune to measles because of an inoculation
- B. A person who has seasonal allergies every fall
- C. When the symptoms of a common cold disappear in 1 day
- D. A neonate having a natural immunity from maternal antibodies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Immunocompetence is demonstrated by the immune system responding appropriately to a foreign stimulus and the body's integrity is maintained as with cold symptoms that resolve without residual illness.