Nokea
The nurse outlines the functions of the immune system as those actions which have which function?
- A. prevent hemorrhage.
- B. protect the body's internal environment.
- C. maintain the hemoglobin level.
- D. maintain the homeostasis by removing damaged cells.
- E. prevent dangerous blood clots from forming.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: The three main functions of the immune system are to protect the body's internal environment by destroying antigens and pathogens, and maintenance of homeostasis by removing damaged cell.
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The patient who had an asthma-like reaction to a desensitization shot was medicated with a subcutaneous injection of epinephrine. For which effect will the nurse assure the anxious patient this will have?
- A. Cause vasodilation.
- B. Produce bronchodilation.
- C. Cause productive coughing.
- D. Reduction of pulse rate.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The drug epinephrine is given in the case of anaphylaxis because it is a quick-acting drug that produces bronchodilation and vasoconstriction, which relieves respiratory distress. The drug can be ordered to be repeated every 20 minutes. The patient may experience an increase in heart rate.
Which advice will the nurse provide for a 94-year-old patient with deteriorated cell-mediated immunity?
- A. Avoiding the influenza vaccine
- B. Getting pneumonia vaccine
- C. Having skin tests for all antigens
- D. Taking large doses of β-carotene
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: As the older adult loses some of the cell-mediated immunity, especially against pneumonia and influenza, it is recommended that they acquire the immunization.
A patient is undergoing immunotherapy on a perennial basis. With this form of treatment, the patient receives treatment scheduled in which way?
- A. Larger doses each week
- B. Higher concentrations each week
- C. Increased amounts and concentrations
- D. The same amount and concentration each visit
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Perennial therapy is most widely accepted, because it allows for a higher cumulative dose, which produces a better effect. Perennial therapy begins with a diluted dose of the allergen that is increased progressively each week.
Which symptom would be classified as a mild transfusion reaction?
- A. Orthopnea
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Hypotension
- D. Wheezing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mild transfusion reaction signs and symptoms include dermatitis, diarrhea, fever, chills, urticaria, cough, and orthopnea.
Which is humoral immunity based on?
- A. Production of antibodies by B cells
- B. T cells are activated by an antigen
- C. The body's response to an antigen
- D. Sensitized T cells destroy the antigen
- E. Helper T cells activate phagocytosis
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Both types of immunity are in response to an antigen, In the humoral response, helper T cells activate phagocytosis and the production of antibodies by the B cells. B cells are the main player in humoral response.