Nokea
What is the etiology of autoimmune diseases based on?
- A. Reaction to a 'superantigen'
- B. Immune system producing no antibodies at all
- C. T cells destroying B cells
- D. B and T cells producing autoantibodies
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Autoimmune disorders are failures of the tolerance to 'self.' B and T cells produce autoantibodies that can cause pathophysiologic tissue damage. Autoimmune disorders may be described as an immune attack on the self and result from the failure to distinguish 'self' protein from 'foreign' protein.
You may also like to solve these questions
To provide an example of an active acquired immunity, the nurse uses the example of a person who has acquired immunity from measles because that person has had which occurrence in their lifetime?
- A. chickenpox and mumps.
- B. measles.
- C. an extremely healthy immune system.
- D. an inoculation against measles.
- E. maternal antibodies against measles.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Active or acquired or adaptive immunity occurs from having had disease or having had an immunization against that specific disease.
For which purpose is plasmapheresis used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis?
- A. To add corticosteroids to relieve pain.
- B. To remove pathologic substances present in the plasma.
- C. To remove waste products such as urea and albumin.
- D. To add antinuclear antibodies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Plasmapheresis is the removal of plasma-containing components causing or thought to cause disease.
Immediately after the nurse administers an intradermal injection of a suspected antigen during allergy testing, the patient complains of itching at the site, weakness, and dizziness. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate initially?
- A. Elevate the arm above the shoulder.
- B. Administer subcutaneous epinephrine.
- C. Apply a warm compress to area.
- D. Apply a local antiinflammatory cream to the site.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Injection of subcutaneous epinephrine should be given at the first sign of allergy.
A transfusion using blood from one?s own blood is a(n) ___ transfusion, which is the best defense against a transfusion reaction.
Correct Answer: autologous
Rationale: An autologous transfusion uses blood from one?s own body.
Which line of defense provides the body with innate immunity?
- A. Skin and mucous membranes
- B. Lungs
- C. Heart
- D. Tears and saliva
- E. Natural intestinal and vaginal flora
- F. Stomach acid
Correct Answer: A,D,E,F
Rationale: The innate immune system is composed of the skin and mucous membranes, cilia, stomach acid, tears, saliva, sebaceous glands, and secretions and flora of the intestine and vagina. These organs, tissues, and secretions provide biochemical and physical barriers to disease.