Nokea
In which patient will the nurse be most concerned about immunodeficiency disorder?
- A. The patient taking desensitization injections (immunotherapy)
- B. The patient on long-term radiation therapy for cancer
- C. The overweight patient
- D. The patient recently diagnosed with lupus erythematosus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Radiation destroys lymphocytes and depletes the stem cells. Prolonged radiation depresses the bone marrow.
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Which is humoral immunity based on?
- A. Production of antibodies by B cells
- B. T cells are activated by an antigen
- C. The body's response to an antigen
- D. Sensitized T cells destroy the antigen
- E. Helper T cells activate phagocytosis
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Both types of immunity are in response to an antigen, In the humoral response, helper T cells activate phagocytosis and the production of antibodies by the B cells. B cells are the main player in humoral response.
A transfusion using blood from one?s own blood is a(n) ___ transfusion, which is the best defense against a transfusion reaction.
Correct Answer: autologous
Rationale: An autologous transfusion uses blood from one?s own body.
Which symptom would be classified as a mild transfusion reaction?
- A. Orthopnea
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Hypotension
- D. Wheezing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mild transfusion reaction signs and symptoms include dermatitis, diarrhea, fever, chills, urticaria, cough, and orthopnea.
The nurse takes into consideration that when the antigen and antibody react, the complement system is activated. This results in which activity?
- A. toughens the cell wall.
- B. generates more T cells.
- C. attracts phagocytes.
- D. makes the antigen resistant.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The complement system is a group of plasma proteins that are dormant until there is an antigen-antibody interaction. The proteins destroy the cell membrane and attract phagocytes.
What is the etiology of autoimmune diseases based on?
- A. Reaction to a 'superantigen'
- B. Immune system producing no antibodies at all
- C. T cells destroying B cells
- D. B and T cells producing autoantibodies
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Autoimmune disorders are failures of the tolerance to 'self.' B and T cells produce autoantibodies that can cause pathophysiologic tissue damage. Autoimmune disorders may be described as an immune attack on the self and result from the failure to distinguish 'self' protein from 'foreign' protein.