Nokea
Which disease results from one's own immune system attacking the body?
- A. Lupus erythematosus
- B. Scleroderma
- C. Polio
- D. Rheumatoid arthritis
- E. Thrombocytopenic purpura
- F. Osteoarthritis
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, myasthenia gravis, thrombocytopenic purpura, rheumatoid arthritis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome are treated with plasmapheresis.
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Which substance is released by the T cells that stimulates the lymphocytes to attack an inflammation?
- A. Lymphokine
- B. Epinephrine
- C. B cells
- D. Histamine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lymphokines help attract macrophages to the site of the inflammation.
Which step is the third step in the sequence of a plasmapheresis procedure?
- A. Removal of whole blood in one arm
- B. Circulation of blood through cell separator
- C. Remainder of plasma returned through vein in opposite arm
- D. Separation of plasma and its cellular components
- E. Replacement of plasma with lactated Ringer
- F. Removal of undesirable components
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The whole blood is drawn out of one arm; circulated through a cell separator; plasma is separated with its cellular components; the undesirable components are removed; the remainder of plasma is returned through a vein in the opposite arm; and the lost plasma is replaced with lactated Ringer, normal saline, frozen plasma, or albumin.
The nurse recommends to the busy parent of three young children that the antihistamine fexofenadine would be more beneficial than diphenhydramine because fexofenadine has which quality?
- A. is inexpensive.
- B. contains a stimulant for an energy boost.
- C. does not dry out the mucous membranes.
- D. does not induce drowsiness.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Allegra does not induce drowsiness as does Benadryl.
The nurse arrives at the bedside of a patient who has had a unit of packed cells infusing in his right arm for 35 minutes. He is complaining of chills, itching, and shortness of breath. What will be the nurse's initial action?
- A. Cover with a warm blanket.
- B. Take the patient's temperature.
- C. Elevate the head of the bed.
- D. Stop the transfusion and continue with saline.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Moderate reactions, resulting in fever, chills, urticaria, and wheezing, occur after the first 30 minutes of administration. In the event of a moderate reaction, stop the transfusion, continue with saline, and notify the health care provider. Elevation of the head, taking vital signs, and covering with a warm blanket are not wrong, but are not of primary importance.
Because the older adult has decreased production of saliva and gastric secretions, they are at risk for which problem?
- A. mouth ulcers.
- B. fissures in corners of the mouth.
- C. gastrointestinal infections.
- D. bloating.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Deficient saliva and gastric secretions make the older adult prone to gastrointestinal infections.