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To reassure and educate pregnant patients about changes in their blood pressure, maternity nurses should be aware that:
- A. a blood pressure cuff that is too small produces a reading that is too low; a cuff that is too large produces a reading that is too high
- B. shifting the patient's position and changing from arm to arm for different measurements produces the most accurate composite blood pressure reading at each visit
- C. the systolic blood pressure increases slightly as pregnancy advances; the diastolic pressure remains constant
- D. compression of the iliac veins and inferior vena cava by the uterus contributes to hemorrhoids in the later stage of term pregnancy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Compression of pelvic veins by the enlarging uterus contributes to varicosities, including hemorrhoids. Blood pressure trends vary, but systolic pressure generally remains stable while diastolic pressure decreases initially.
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Numerous changes in the integumentary system occur during pregnancy. Which change persists after birth?
- A. Epulis
- B. Chloasma
- C. Telangiectasia
- D. Striae gravidarum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Striae gravidarum, because it refers to stretch marks that occur during pregnancy and often persist postpartum. Epulis (A) is a benign gingival tumor that typically resolves after pregnancy. Chloasma (B) is a skin condition causing dark patches that usually fade postpartum. Telangiectasia (C) are small dilated blood vessels that commonly appear during pregnancy but may diminish after giving birth. Therefore, the key differentiator is the persistence of Striae gravidarum after delivery.
To reassure and educate pregnant patients about changes in their cardiovascular system, maternity nurses should be aware that:
- A. a pregnant woman experiencing disturbed cardiac rhythm, such as sinus arrhythmia requires close medical and obstetric observation, no matter how healthy she otherwise may appear.
- B. changes in heart size and position and increases in blood volume create auditory changes from 20 weeks to term.
- C. palpitations are twice as likely to occur in twin gestations.
- D. all of the above changes will likely occur.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Auscultatory changes should be discernible after 20 weeks of gestation.
Which comment made by a new mother exhibits understanding of her toddler's response to a new sibling?
- A. "I can't believe he is sucking his thumb again."
- B. "He is being difficult and I don't have time to deal with him."
- C. "When we brought the baby home, we made Michael stop sleeping in the crib
- D. "My husband is going to stay with the baby so I can take Michael to the park tomorrow."
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: I'm sorry, but the question you provided does not have an option E. Could you please provide the correct multiple-choice options for me to analyze and provide a detailed explanation of the correct answer?
The male reproductive system includes:
- A. The testes
- B. The vulva
- C. The cervix
- D. Mammary glands
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The testes are part of the male reproductive system and are responsible for producing sperm and testosterone.
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is an important biochemical marker for pregnancy and the basis for many tests. A maternity nurse should be aware that:
- A. hCG can be detected 2.5 weeks after conception
- B. the hCG level increases gradually and uniformly throughout pregnancy
- C. much lower than normal increases in the level of hCG may indicate a postdate pregnancy
- D. a higher than normal level of hCG may indicate an ectopic pregnancy or Down syndrome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Higher hCG levels may indicate conditions such as multiple gestation, ectopic pregnancy, or Down syndrome. hCG levels fluctuate during pregnancy and peak around 8-10 weeks.