Nokea
To reassure and educate pregnant patients about changes in their breasts, nurses should be aware that:
- A. the visibility of blood vessels that form an intertwining blue network indicates full function of Montgomery's tubercles and possibly infection of the tubercles.
- B. the mammary glands do not develop until 2 weeks before labor.
- C. lactation is inhibited until the estrogen level declines after birth.
- D. colostrum is the yellowish oily substance used to lubricate the nipples for breastfeeding.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lactation is inhibited until after birth. The visible blue network of blood vessels is a normal outgrowth of a richer blood supply.
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Male infertility can be caused by:
- A. Vasectomy
- B. Low sperm count
- C. Sexual dysfunction
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Male infertility may result from various factors, including vasectomy, low sperm count, or sexual dysfunction.
The musculoskeletal system adapts to the changes that occur during pregnancy. A woman can expect to experience what change?
- A. Her center of gravity will shift backward.
- B. She will have increased lordosis.
- C. She will have increased abdominal muscle tone.
- D. She will notice decreased mobility of her pelvic joints.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An increase in the normal lumbosacral curve (lordosis) develops, and a compensatory curvature in the cervicodorsal region develops to help the woman maintain her balance.
The patient has just learned that she is pregnant and overhears the gynecologist saying that she has a positive Chadwick's sign. When the patient asks the nurse what this means, how would the nurse respond?
- A. "Chadwick's sign signifies an increased risk of blood clots in pregnant women
- B. “That sign means the cervix has softened as the result of tissue changes that
naturally occur with pregnancy.” - C. "This means that a mucus plug has formed in the cervical canal to help protect you from uterine infection."
- D. "This sign occurs normally in pregnancy, when estrogen causes increased blood flow in the area of the cervix."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Chadwick's sign refers to the bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia due to increased blood flow, a result of pregnancy hormones. The mucus plug forming in the cervical canal indicates protection from uterine infections, a crucial function during pregnancy. This response directly correlates Chadwick's sign with its physiological significance, showing the nurse's knowledge and ability to educate the patient effectively. Other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately describe Chadwick's sign or its implications in pregnancy.
Which comment made by a new mother to her own mother is most likely to encourage the grandmother's participation in the infant's care?
- A. "Could you help me with the housework today?"
- B. "The baby is spitting up a lot. What should I do?"
- C. "I know you are busy, so I'll get John's mother to help me
- D. “The baby has a stomachache. I’ll call the nurse to find out what to do.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it directly involves the grandmother in the baby's care by seeking advice and guidance. Asking for help with a specific issue shows trust and respect for the grandmother's experience. Choice A is about housework, not infant care. Choice C suggests seeking help elsewhere. Choice D involves a healthcare professional, not the grandmother.
The nurse caring for the pregnant patient must understand that the hormone essential for maintaining pregnancy is:
- A. estrogen
- B. human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
- C. oxytocin
- D. progesterone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Progesterone is crucial for maintaining pregnancy as it relaxes smooth muscles, reducing uterine activity and preventing miscarriage.