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To what extent does epidemiology rely on medical disciplines for its content, and to what extent does it draw upon other disciplines?
- A. It relies entirely on medical disciplines.
- B. It relies entirely on non-medical disciplines.
- C. It integrates medical disciplines with social sciences and biostatistics.
- D. It does not rely on any specific discipline.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Epidemiology is interdisciplinary, combining knowledge from microbiology, biostatistics, social sciences, and clinical medicine.
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Median is almost equivalent to
- A. 25th percentile
- B. 50th percentile
- C. 75th percentile
- D. 10th percentile
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The median corresponds to the 50th percentile, dividing the dataset into halves.
The fraction 50 / 53 is a/an:
- A. Attack rate
- B. Food-specific attack rate
- C. Incidence proportion
- D. Proportion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This fraction represents the attack rate among those exposed to wedding cake.
You are planning a case-control study of lung cancer to test the hypothesis that vegetable consumption is protective against lung cancer. Would you match on smoking? Explain your answer.
- A. Yes, because smoking is a known confounder for lung cancer.
- B. No, because matching on smoking will introduce overmatching.
- C. Yes, because smoking correlates with vegetable consumption.
- D. No, because smoking is unrelated to vegetable consumption.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Smoking is a strong confounder for lung cancer, and matching on smoking helps ensure comparability between cases and controls, preventing spurious associations.
Married-unmarried, child-adult, male-female is
- A. Ordinal scale
- B. Interval scale
- C. Ratio scale
- D. Nominal scale
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: These categories represent nominal scales as they classify without any inherent order.
A baby is called exclusively breast feed if he/she is breast fed for:
- A. 2-3 month
- B. 3-4 months
- C. 3-5 months
- D. 7-8 months
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Exclusive breastfeeding refers to feeding only breast milk for the first 6 months of life, typically 3-4 months in the context of this question.